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• W2589619992 abstract "INTRODUCTION Chester Barnard (1938) wrote that scholars and practitioners alike need to pay close attention to the social relations that employees create among themselves. Barnard argued that people necessarily create 'informal organizations' to share information and solve problems in ways that are essential to the success of their formal organizations. The findings of this study indicate that Barnard's insights are especially relevant today. When public organizations adopt new information technology, their employees respond by asking helpful co-workers to help them to learn how to use the technology effectively. Information technology (IT) can enhance the productivity of governments, but only if employees learn to use it well. To a surprising degree, the processes through which employees learn to use IT have been largely neglected in the literature of IT and of public administration. This is a study of employees who voluntarily help others to learn. These key, but often overlooked, employees are the experts. The research objective of this study is to provide empirical information from public organizations about how local experts train their coworkers and why they do so. Our findings contribute to theory about how technology-related learning is accomplished in organizations. The findings are also relevant to any public administrators who wish to improve organizational training and position classification practices. Information technology (IT) includes computer hardware, software, and related communications equipment. IT is a major contributor to the productivity of modern economies (Jorgenson, Ho, & Stiroh, 2007), but IT initiatives are costly and they often fail. Perhaps as much as a quarter of the federal government's annual spending of more than $70 billion on IT could be risk (GAO, 2006). State and local governments also undergo risks. In 2007, Florida's Chief Financial Officer stopped the procurement of a new financial system into which the state had sunk $89 million (FDFS, 2007). Successful implementation of new IT requires appropriate social behaviors, not just resolution of technical issues (Bondarouk & Ruel, 2008; Brown & Brudney, 2003). Organizations become more adept at adopting new technology when top managers facilitate learning (Cho, 2007) and when knowledge is shared among employees (Kim & Lee, 2006). Vonk, Geertman, and Schot (2007) reported that public employees use their immediate social networks to learn about new IT applications. Little is known, however, about how learning is accomplished within those social networks. LITERATURE REVIEW Learning must first be accomplished by individuals, in small groups, before it can be shared (Fry & Griswold, 2003). Given the importance of learning new technologies, it would seem likely that the immediate social contexts within which individual end users learn to use new technologies would have been extensively researched. Unfortunately, these learning processes have seldom been addressed in the information technology literature (Claver, Gonzales, & Llopis, 2000). We conducted an extensive review of the literature in public administration and found the same neglect of the topic. The following is a summary of the literature that was utilized by the authors prior to conducting interviews as well as the literature that was subsequently used to help make sense of the findings that emerged from those interviews. The research method employed was qualitative interviews of forty persons, so it was not possible to statistically reject or accept hypotheses as is possible when using statistical research methods. Interpreting the findings of qualitative research involves what has been called 'sense making' which often requires accessing further literature subsequent to the conduct of field research (Weick, 1988 & 1995). This literature review, therefore, includes that which helped us frame the initial research expectations that guided our conduct of the interviews and the additional literature that was subsequently used to facilitate our efforts to organize and make sense of the findings. …" @default.
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• W2589619992 date "2016-12-01" @default.
• W2589619992 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2589619992 title "The Overlooked Role of Local Experts in Learning to Use Technology in Public Organizations" @default.
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