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• W2592011727 abstract "(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)I. INTRODUCTIONSeveral converging trends place tremendous pressure on countries to criminalize intellectual property (IP) infringement. For one, IP assets are becoming an evermore valuable and powerful component of the economy.1 Additionally, technological advances make it increasingly easier to create, replicate, market, and distribute IP-containing products on a global scale, even as the same technologies enable pervasive and escalating infringement. Copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting occurs in a variety of markets, from music, movies, outfits, shoes, toys, cigarettes, and alcohol to much more sophisticated products, such as automobile parts and medicine.2 In response, businesses in intellectual property rights (IPR)-intensive industries have promoted the criminalization of IP infringement, especially in the United States and China-the two largest economies in the world.This article seeks to illuminate the current enforcement foci, patterns, consequences, and extra-legal forces of criminal IP enforcement in the United States and China. Under the influence of several dominant economic and political factors, there is an overrepresentation in Chinese criminal IP cases of few top foreign companies, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in state-controlled industries, products carrying health or safety threats, and other regulated industries such as the publishing industry. These results aid in evaluating the fairness and the level and state of democracy in politically motivated enforcement, and provide a basis for policy recommendations for enforcement reform. This research is the first to systematically describe and empirically analyze multiple aspects of the criminal enforcement of IPR in China as compared to the United States.Part II of this article highlights the importance of the comparison of IP enforcement in China and the United States. It introduces the law and society theoretical paradigms inspiring the analysis. Part II also provides an overview of the most prominent forces shaping the overall strengths of IPR enforcement in China and the United States. The literature review of previous studies covers literature on the criminal enforcement of IPR in both the United States and China and empirical research on IP protection and enforcement in China.Part III depicts the major research questions and explains data sources, types, and research methods. Part IV presents detailed description, interpretation, and discussion of important empirical findings and their implications. Part V considers implications of these findings for understanding the criminal enforcement of IPR, as well as larger issues of legal transplantation and law and development in an Asian and authoritarian state such as China. It also discusses how the findings contribute to generalizing causal and acting forces for the strength and foci of IPR enforcement in a country. Finally, Part VI discusses further policy implications of the findings.Background and TheoryA.The Significance of IP Enforcement in China and the United StatesThis study is a comparison of China and the United States. IPR enforcement in China generated broad interest across a range of professions and political perspectives due to the salience of IP, the immense size of the Chinese market, and the increasing technology transfer between China and the rest of the world.3 The prolonged and unusually high rates of piracy and counterfeiting in China since the 1980s (see Figure 1) have irritated and baffled the United States. For years, the United States has put China on the priority watch list in the Special 301 Report prepared annually by the Office of the United States Trade Representative.4 The Special 301 Report identifies a list of Priority Foreign Countries, which include those judged to have inadequate intellectual property laws. In addition, the report contains a Priority List and a Watch List, containing countries whose intellectual property regimes are deemed of concern. …" @default.
• W2592011727 created "2017-03-16" @default.
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• W2592011727 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W2592011727 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2592011727 title "The Policy and Targets of Criminal Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in China and the United States" @default.
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