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• W25923 abstract "Adaptation, interactions between species and their environments, and change over time are fundamental principles in biology (NRC 1996). They represent aspects of two of the big ideas in science: evolution and natural selection (NRC 2011). To help students understand these ideas, we developed the Game. In this article, we describe the game and how we used it in an AP biology classroom to model the dynamic processes of population genetics and environmental influence on behaviors. About the Guppy Game The Guppy Game allows students to learn science content in an interactive, student-driven manner. They are exposed to the idea of fitness (how traits might be advantageous or disadvantageous) as they explore how different varieties of fish adapt to environments and make hypotheses about which habitats will favor which traits. The game teaches how sensory biases help fish survive by finding different colors of food or camouflaging themselves from lurking predators. As the game progresses, students learn how these biases can interact with demands of sexual selection. By simulating different populations of guppies in various environments, students collect data and examine how genetic drift occurs in populations over time. In essence, the Guppy Game models the balance between the pressures of natural selection and sexual selection. Playing the game The Guppy Game has six rounds--one for each habitat. Each round consists of three seasons, and each season has a Survival Phase and a Reproduction Phase. Students play in groups of four, and at the beginning of the game, each player receives a different guppy card. Four guppy cards exist: one fancy and one wild male (different strains of the same species) and one fancy and one wild female (Figure 1, page 34). (Note: All Guppy Game materials are available online [see On the web].) The Survival Phase considers the pressures of natural selection and the ability to find food and avoid predation. Students take turns rolling the die and determining if their guppies survive (Figure 2, page 35). Male guppies must roll equal to or over their brightness value, which is listed on the guppy card; this brightness value reflects the ability to avoid predation (i.e., predators can more easily see brightly colored males, reducing their chance of survival). Females must roll equal to or under their sensory bias to successfully find enough food to survive. A strong bias (i.e., attraction to bright colors) makes her more likely to find food. In this phase, it is best to be drably colored (low male brightness value) and have a strong sensory bias (high female value) to hide or find food, respectively. The Reproduction Phase considers traits beneficial for sexual selection (e.g., bright coloration). Students roll the die to determine if their guppies reproduce (Figure 2). Males must roll equal to or under their brightness value to mate (the higher the brightness value, the more likely to mate) and females must roll equal to or over their bias to find a mate (the lower the bias, the less picky and easier to find a mate). Because of the opposing pressures between survival and reproduction, students learn that certain brightness and sensory bias values are not inherently good or bad but may increase the likelihood of survival, depending on environment and contextual considerations. For example, a male guppy wants to be bright when trying to impress a potential mate (i.e., the Reproduction Phase) but not when hiding from predators in drab environments (i.e., the Survival Phase). This is why many animals such as birds are brightly colored during their mating season but more drably colored the rest of the year. Similarly, a female guppy might want to have a strong preference for bright colors (and high sensory bias) when searching for food, but it may not be as helpful when choosing a mate (she is overly picky and may pass on an opportunity to mate with drably colored males). …" @default.
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• W25923 date "2012-07-01" @default.
• W25923 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W25923 title "The Guppy Game: Understanding the big ideas of natural and sexual selection." @default.
• W25923 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3867137" @default.
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