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• W2592605638 abstract "The demand forpublic transport is increasing in many cities due to population growth andhigher pressure on limited road space. With the rise in public transport traveldemand, road management authorities are choosing to implement preferentialtreatments for on-road public transit vehicles, known as transit priority. Trampriority is one form of on-road transit priority implemented in different partsof the world and takes a wide variety of forms. Regardless of the particularconfigurations, the aim of tram priority is to decrease tram travel times andimprove service reliability. Previous studies have explored the operationalbenefits of tram priority measures. However, the implementation of trampriority measures adjusts the nature of road spaces and can have road safetyimpacts. The literature suggests that only a handful of studies have examinedthe safety impacts of tram priority, and those were largely subjective with mixedand incomplete results. In addition, limited clarity is provided by previousstudies on the risk factors including tram priority associated withtram-involved crash frequency and severity.    With these current knowledge gaps in mind, the aim of thisresearch is to explore the road safety impacts of implementing tram prioritymeasures on the Melbourne tram network. To attain the research aim, fiveresearch components (or tasks) are defined. Each component is the focus of athesis chapter where detailed research context, methodologies and the keyfindings are presented.    The first task focused on evaluating the overall safetyeffects of tram lane and signal priority measures in Melbourne using theEmpirical Bayes (EB) before-after safety evaluation approach. The resultsshowed that tram lane priority acted to reduce crashes for all road users by19.4% and signal priority measures acted to reduce crashes by 13.9%, with acombined safety benefit of 16.4%. This task also investigated the changes inspecific crash types before and after priority implementation. The outcomesindicated that tram lane and signal priority measures were effective inreducing vehicle- and pedestrian-involved all injury crashes by 17% and 19%respectively. In addition, the results showed reductions in on-path collisions(64%), and collisions among vehicles moving in both the same (12%) and oppositedirections (23%).    The second task focused on evaluating the safety impacts ofthe replacement of older design tram stops with platform stops, using aComparison Group (CG) before-after safety evaluation approach. This task onlyfocused on pedestrian-involved collisions, as previous research has identifiedthat these comprise the majority of crashes at tram stops. The results showed thatpedestrian-involved all injury crashes reduced by 43% after platform tram stopinstallation. This task also adjusted the conventional CG analysis outcomes toconsider differences in passenger volume at the treatment and comparison sites.The adjusted results suggested greater reductions in pedestrian-involved crashrates (crash counts per 10,000 passengers) after platform stop installation: an81% reduction in pedestrian-involved all injury crashes and 86% reduction inpedestrian-involved fatal and serious injury crashes per 10,000 passengers.    The third task focused on investigating tram safety at theroute section level using the Random Effects Negative Binomial (RENB) model.The key aim of this task was to investigate the impact of all forms of trampriority measures on tram-involved crashes. In addition, this task exploredother key traffic, transit and route factors influencing tram-involved crashes.The results of the RENB model indicated that tram route sections with tram lanepriority experienced 14% fewer tram-involved crashes than on routes withouttram lane priority. Tram routes with a larger proportion of signalisedintersections with signal priority treatments and a higher proportion ofplatform stops had less crashes. Results also showed that tram servicefrequency, stop spacing, route section length, traffic volume, and tram travelspeeds significantly affected tram safety.    The fourth task involved identifying factors influencing theprobability of tram-involved serious injury crashes using a logistic regressionmodelling approach, with a particular attention given to explore the impact oftram priority treatments. The results showed that the probability of serioustram-involved crashes was 41% higher on tram routes with tram lane prioritythan on tram routes without lane priority. This research component alsoidentified that low floor trams, older trams, lower traffic volume and higheraverage tram travel speeds were more likely to increase the incidence ofserious tram-involved crashes. Also, serious tram crashes were less likely tooccur during winter and autumn on the Melbourne tram network.    The final task investigated the detailed road user and roaddesign factors influencing tram safety from a tram driver viewpoint byconducting tram driver focus groups. The key focus of this task was to identifyhow tram driver safety perception varies between routes with and without trampriority features. The outcomes from the focus groups showed general agreementwith the analytical study outcomes obtained from the first four tasks. Inparticular, physical separation of tram right of way, the presence of platformtram stops and provision of the ‘hook turn’ signal treatment at intersectionswere perceived as the more safety effective tram priority measures by Melbournetram drivers. In addition, tram drivers observed that other road users wereunaware of the safety issues around trams, had a poor understanding of the roadrules applicable to sharing the road with trams and often violated tram-relatedroad rules. These were identified as key road user factors for tram-involvedcrashes by the tram drivers.    In summary, this thesis provides a number of originalcontributions to knowledge in the field of tram road safety with a focus ontram priority through adopting more robust methodological approaches than havebeen previously applied to this research area." @default.
• W2592605638 created "2017-03-16" @default.
• W2592605638 creator A5053888863 @default.
• W2592605638 date "2017-02-08" @default.
• W2592605638 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2592605638 title "Exploring Tram Road Safety with a Focus on Tram Priority" @default.
• W2592605638 doi "https://doi.org/10.4225/03/589b9413c24d7" @default.
• W2592605638 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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