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• W2592813552 abstract "In Italy there are more than 500,000 building companies, employing on average three workers each. The companies face difficulties to keep up to date with legal provisions, due to their small size. European, national and regional legislation need a number of accompanying measures in order to be implemented effectively. Municipal administrations are over 8000 and have frequent contacts with the building companies. Furthermore the municipalities have the responsibility on town planning schemes and on building codes that for example regulate aesthetics and hygiene standards, and more recently may include specific energy efficiency standards and norms. Starting in 2003 a number of successful local experiences have been implemented, especially in Lombardia and in the Milano Province, where the practices of the building companies have been permanently modified. The pilot experience of some early adopter municipalities has spread, currently involving around 100 municipalities. Best practices show the effectiveness of monitoring activities in the construction sites and of incisive accompanying measures (training and information, technical support, focused economic incentives). In this perspective, the successful establishment of improved building codes is not intended as a mere approval of a new piece of legislation. All success stories may be described as a continuous process involving citizens, entrepreneurs, designers, companies, suppliers. Introduction In 1987, through a public referendum, Italy decided to stop the development of nuclear power plants. Consequently, in 1989 a new National Energy Plan (Piano Energetico Nazionale, PEN) was approved by the Parliament. In 1991 two twin laws were approved aiming to implement the National Energy Plan: Law 9 concerning the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity and hydrocarbons regulation (“Norme per l’attuazione del nuovo Piano energetico nazionale: aspetti istituzionali, centrali idroelettriche ed elettrodotti, idrocarburi e geotermia, autoproduzione e disposizioni fiscali”); Law 101991 concerning rational use of energy, energy efficiency and renewable sources of energy (“Norme per l’attuazione del Piano energetico nazionale in materia di uso razionale dell’energia, di risparmio energetico e di sviluppo delle fonti rinnovabili di energia”). Law 10-1991 included a number of different provisions, including for example minimum standards for new buildings heating system efficiency, building heat loss and overall specific energy consumption. In the Italian legal order, laws are approved by the Parliament and establish general principles, while the technical specification are included in Governmental Acts that do not need to be approved by the Parliament. Therefore a number of Governmental Acts were needed to put in practice the principles set by Law 10. In the following years a number of acts were actually developed, particularly those concerning use and maintenance of heating systems, and those concerning minimum standards for new buildings. But the technical regulations concerning energy performance certification of buildings have never been developed. In addition to this, the calculation of the heating requirement for new buildings was performed by the building designer, and the inspection on the building site do not take" @default.
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• W2592813552 date "2009-01-01" @default.
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• W2592813552 title "TACKLING THE POTENTIAL FROM BELOW: ITALIAN MUNICIPAL BUILDING CODES AS CONCRETE IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS FOR THE EPB DIRECTIVE" @default.
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