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• W2593584134 abstract "The Bottom-­‐‑Intensification of Mixing Causes Large Abyssal Upwelling and Downwelling Trevor J. McDougall 1 and Raffaele Ferrari 2 1 School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia Trevor.McDougall@unsw.edu.au 2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA raffaele@mit.edu Abstract We perform a buoyancy budget analysis of bottom-­‐‑intensified mixing in the abyssal ocean and find that while the interior of the ocean exhibits diapycnal downwelling, strong dianeutral upwelling occurs in very thin continental bottom boundary layers. For a given amount of Antarctic Bottom Water which is upwelled through neutral density surfaces in the abyssal ocean (between 2000m and 5000m) up to five times this volume flux is upwelled in narrow turbulent sloping bottom boundary layers, while up to four times the net upward volume transport of Bottom Water flows downward across isopycnals in the near-­‐‑boundary stratified ocean interior. 1 Introduction The classic “abyssal recipes” paper of Munk (1966) achieves the diapycnal upwelling of Antarctic Bottom Water via a one-­‐‑dimensional advection/diffusion balance which was consistent with a constant diapycnal diffusion coefficient of about 10 −4 m 2 s −1 throughout the ocean interior. Since the buoyancy frequency increases with height, this one-­‐‑dimensional advection/diffusion balance implies that the magnitude of the buoyancy flux and therefore the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy increases with height; however observations and theory over the past twenty years have shown just the opposite, namely that diapycnal mixing activity increases towards the sea floor. In the past twenty years, and particularly as a result of the Brazil basin experiment of WOCE, observations and theory have shown that most of the diapycnal mixing activity in the deep ocean occurs above rough bottom topography and is bottom intensified with an e-­‐‑folding height above the bottom with a typical vertical e-­‐‑folding length scale of ~500m (Kunze et al (2006)). However, this bottom intensification of diapycnal mixing causes diapycnal downwelling, and so it is not possible to have the diapycnal upwelling of Antarctic Bottom Water in a one-­‐‑dimensional situation. This points to the importance of the ocean topography, namely that the ocean does not have a flat bottom, nor vertical walls. de Lavergne et al. (2016) have diagnosed the negative diapycnal transport in the ocean interior caused by near-­‐‑boundary breaking internal waves and they have pointed towards the important role of the turbulent bottom layer (BBL) in order to upwell the AABW and to close the circulation. Ferrari et al. (2016) have studied the crucial role of these BBLs in allowing sufficiently strong upwelling across isopycnals therein to overcome the downwelling in the near-­‐‑boundary stratified interior, while further away from the ocean boundaries there is no diapycnal motion. This view of the abyssal circulation contrasts sharply with our previous view of the diapycnal upwelling being distributed uniformly over the deep ocean basins. In the particular model studies performed by Ferrari et al (2016) the upwelling in the narrow turbulent boundary layers varied from two to three times the mean upwelling transport of AABW. VIII th Int. Symp. On Stratified Flows, San Diego, USA, Aug. 29 – Sept. 1, 2016" @default.
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• W2593584134 date "2016-08-31" @default.
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• W2593584134 title "The bottom-intensification of mixing causes large abyssal upwelling and downwelling" @default.
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