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• W2596571621 abstract "The colonial relationship . . . chained colonizer and colonized into an implacable dependence, molded their respective characters, and dictated their conduct.- Memmi (1965, ix)In any colony, relationships depend on Of course, power may take different degrees and levels. The colonizer does not need, in all cases, to use force, but what this paper means by power here is ability to control country or an area as well as ability to impose particular rules and restrictions on natives of region in question. According to Said (1979, 5), relationship between colonizer and colonized is a relationship of power. For colonized, only safe course is to conform and be quiet. S/he is to deny self and all will be well.The paper explores relationship between colonizer and colonized in following works: Shakespeare's (1969) The Tempest, Defoe's (1948) Robinson Crusoe, and Conrad's (1969) Heart of Darkness. Such works render relationship of colonizer and colonized in fixed, oppositional terms which remain influential (Cartelli 1995, 85) even after gaps between cultures have apparently narrowed.In Shakespeare's The Tempest, Prospero rules island as patriarchal king. His authority is problematic to us as readers because he seems so patriarchal, colonialist, even sexist and racist in his claim to himself right to control others in name of Western and Christian values. His subjects are Caliban, Ariel, and his daughter. The battle between Prospero and Caliban is one of master and slave.Caliban is seen as, in Said's (1993, 213) words, a state of which can be exploited to power of another's own development. Caliban, child of witch, is enslaved and robbed of his island. He is called many harsh names by Prospero and his daughter Miranda, such as abhorred (Shakespeare 1969, 1.2.352),1 a born devil (4.1.188), and a thing of darkness (5.1.275). He protests with some justification that island is his in first place and that Prospero and Miranda are interlopers. Indeed, his existence calls into question value of civilization. What does he learn from Prospero other than, as he puts it, to know how to curse (1.1.363)?On other hand, Prospero controls and uses for his interests and purposes sprite Ariel. Although Prospero has rescued Ariel from spell of witch and curbed cannibal appetite of Caliban, yet these deeds do not grant him right to use these creatures and deny them their natural freedom on island.The third subject is Prospero 's daughter, Miranda. He controls her and requires her complete obedience. This demand is due to patriarchal system Prospero has inherited in Milan.In brief, Prospero demands complete obedience from his subjects on island. He appoints himself as if he were god. He sees Fortune's gift of delivering his enemies into his hand as an opportunity to forgive and host them, not be revenged. At last, Shakespeare is not clear regarding future of island. We cannot be sure what island will be like once Prospero leaves.The second work is Defoe's Robinson Crusoe where slave Friday is not luckier than Caliban. Here, Crusoe, like Prospero of The Tempest, is the founder of new world, which he rules and reclaims for Christianity and England. True, Crusoe is enabled by an ideology of overseas expansion of sixteenth and seventeenth century exploration voyages that laid foundations of great colonial empires (Said 1993, 70).Managing to build his colony, relationship between Crusoe and his inferiors on island runs according to general framework of British colonial policy: colonizer and colonized. He proves superiority of his race in text even before coming to island. He engaged colonial labor force and had workers on his plantation.In addition, Crusoe also relates how he sold Xury, boy who helped him escape from pirates, after Crusoe himself had experienced slavery. …" @default.
• W2596571621 created "2017-03-23" @default.
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• W2596571621 date "2016-12-01" @default.
• W2596571621 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2596571621 title "Power Relationships in William Shakespeare's the Tempest, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness" @default.
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