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• W2596685807 abstract "The majority of the Yellow-naped Amazon parrots being sold on the international market have been smug- gled from the south coast region of Guatemala. The wild populations of these birds are still being depleted by poaching because of the demand in the United States and Europe. Yellow- naped Amazons are one of the most popular psittacines in aviculture today. They cannot legally be exported from Guatemala and there  are very few successful Yellow-Naped Amazon breeding programs in the States. Whether due to carelessness, greed, ignorance or blind trust of the proprietor who claims they were hatched domestically, people are still buying smuggled napes. Considering the demand for these parrots and the poverty and desperation of the Guatemalan campesino (native), it is easy to see why Yellow-naped Amazons are still disappearing from their native habitats and reappearing in living rooms around the world. Young Yellow-naped Amazons are taken from the nest in Guatemala to be smuggled into Mexico and from there to the U.S. Tiny and still featherless, they are very fragile at this age. It is estimated that they suffer losses of 40 percent during capture and transport alone. The smuggler knows this and compensates by buying five to ten times more live chicks than they expect to sell. The World Wildlife Fund study on international parrot trade estimates that 150,000 live parrots enter the U.S. from Mexico each year. Considering the ones that die during capture and transport, that translates to about one million parrots taken from the wild in Latin America yearly. One wonders how long wild parrot populations can sustain themselves, suffering this degree of decimation. The Military Macaw (Ara mi/itaris), once a resident of the highlands of Guatemala, has completely disappeared in a relatively short period of time. This is an example of just one species of bird that has disappeared from Guatemala. Despite the drastic reduction in numbers of Yellow-naped Amazons observed in their native coastal habitat in Guatemala in the past few years, they are still being smuggled out of the country in large numbers to meet the demand abroad. I have had the experience of seeing thousands ofYellow-naped Amazons on the borders of Mexico and Guatemala destined for the U.S. market for the past eight years. During this time I havebeenawitnesstothisreduction.  The Scenario Chiquimulilla, Santa Rosa is 30 miles from the El Salvadoran border. December rolls around, marking the end of the rainy season, and there's not much for the campesino to look forward to. His corn and beans have been planted and harvested and he now searches for work to sustain him through the dry season. For some, working for the large land owners or companies will relieve some of their financial burdens, while most will tighten their belts and wait for the rains to return. Still other campesinos will begin keeping a closer eye on the paired Yellow-naped Amazons that begin their search for a suitable nesting site. They're not difficult to find since they tend to stake out certain territories and the same nest year after year. Unfortunately, these days, Yellow-naped Amazons are often forced to seek new nesting sites because their home tree was cut, many times by a novice poacher who seeks to make a quick buck and doesn't care if the pair returns. However, the experienced poacher knows that if he disturbs the nest as little as possible, the pair will return the following year or may even double clutch. And So The Harvest Begins Bird poachers have devised countless ways to rob a nest. It's dangerous work climbing the tall trees with only a thin nylon rope and a machete. But empty stomachs and plenty of imagination will get the chicks out of the nest. From there, their future is uncertain. Once the poacher has the chicks, he wants to unload them as quickly as possible. They are worthless dead and he cannot afford to use his cornmeal as bird food. There are options at hand. The campesino can go directly into the larger cities along the south coast and sell the chicks to the dealer in the central markets. These dealers are not hard to find. They are usually draped in gold jewelry and they sell domestic animals along with a myriad of odds and ends, all a cover for the thousands of endangered birds and other wildlife that pass through their hands. The other option for the poacher is to sit tight for the middle man to come directly to the source in search of a better deal. There are several ways for the smuggler to bring the birds into the United States. Some birds are smuggled into El Salvador, where restrictions on bird smuggling are not so strict. There they are sold to nationals or to the gringo who buys birds for pets. They are smuggled into the States by claiming their origins are from other countries. Others are laundered through Honduras, as Honduran Yellow-napes. They are a different subspecies, but are not too distinguishable from the Guatemalan species when young. The easiest and most common smuggling route is through Mexico, a large country with as many ways to get the birds into the States as there are smugglers and imaginations. Tapachula, Mexico, in the State of Chiapas, is a large city on the pacific coast bordering Guatemala. It has nice, clean streets and handsome people ... in general, very prosperous. One would never suspect this to be a place where you can buy any kind of exotic animal no matter how endangered it is. This area is notroious for exotic bird trafficking if the price is right, and if you know where to look. And here is where I have been given the rare opportunity to see 1,500 baby Yellow-nape chicks (as well as Scarlet Macaws, howler and spider monkeys, baby jaguars and a slew of reptiles) in one person's home awaiting export to the United States. This was no small operation and I was later to learn that a plane was coming in to fly these animals to Tijuana, Mexico." @default.
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• W2596685807 date "1993-01-01" @default.
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• W2596685807 title "Smuggling of the Yellow--naped Amazon out of Guatemala" @default.
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