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• W2597388709 abstract "1. CONTROVERSIES AROUND THE DEFINITION OF TERRORISMThe issue of terrorism is quite a delicate - both politically and psychologically. The most controversial aspect about terrorism is its definition, as no consensus has been reached among members of international community upon its exact meaning. Up to now, more than 100 definitions1 (even 200 (!), according to other authors)2 might be in use. Even if some common elements may be found in several of definitions elaborated and recorded in dictionaries, national and international normative documents, studies and academic courses, they differ in various aspects.The first attempt at defining terrorism was made more than 8 decades ago, in 1934, from part of France, which proposed to League of Nations to create a work team for defining terrorism. The initiative was determined by assasination of king Alexander I of Yugoslavia and of French Minister of External Affairs, Louis Barthou, in Marsilia, by a Bulgarian citizen, member of Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, which militated in favor of independence from Yugoslavia. The team forwarded to League draft of a Convention referring to terrorism, which was adopted on November 16,1937. The definition of terrorism introduced in Convention (criminal actions oriented against state, deliberately or meant at inducing terror in minds of private persons, of groups of persons or of population3) was proposed for ratification to all member states, yet it was rejected.4The situation characterizing activity of League of Nations was repeted at level of United Nations Organization (UN). Not all attempts made by this institution, materialized in 14 international legal instruments (conventions and resolutions) and their amendments, all concerning combat of terrorism,5 were sanctioned by all its members, as no consensus was reached for accepting definition proposed for most dangerous threat at world security (the criminal, deliberate or calculated actions meant at provoking terror in a public, in a group of persons or among private persons, for political reasons, are permitted under no circumstances, whichever political, philosophical, ideological, rasial, ethnic, religious motivations invoked for justifying them).6The apple of discord is related to right to resort to violence. The democratic states accept only legitimate right granted to authorized institutions to use violence against any nonstatal actor that disrespects legal norms of social cohabitation, attacking civil population, destroying properties and public structures, for spreading fear, thus forcing people to put pressure upon governments to accept requirements of terrorists. In their turn, member states of Arabian League demanded not to consider as terrorist actions performed for exerting lawful right of peoples of resisting foreign occupation,6 while members of Non-Aligned States Movement demand that the legitimate struggle of peoples under colonial domination and foreign occupation, for self-determination and national liberation7 should not be assimilated to terrorism.Such a situation supports expression one person's terrorist is another's freedom fighter,8 however, in opinion of American senator Henry Jackson, it serves mainly terrorists, who want to maintain confusion in minds of people and to obtain legitimacy and support of population. He says that freedom fighters do not make hostages, do not kill children and civilians, do not blow up buses full of noncombatants, as terrorists do. In this respect, he considers that associating notion of liberty, belonging to thesaurus of democracy, with that of terrorism is a nonsense.9The disagreements manifested within international community around definition to be given to terrorism seem to have influenced certain politicians to divide terrorists into good and bad persons, which is a wholly unacceptable situation. …" @default.
• W2597388709 created "2017-03-23" @default.
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• W2597388709 date "2016-04-01" @default.
• W2597388709 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2597388709 title "Mass Media - an Ally or an Enemy in the Struggle against Terrorism?" @default.
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