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• W2597447413 abstract "Militant Islam is presumed to be an increasingly potent force in Europe. The radical ideology that underpins it has been creating many challenges to international security. Jihadi terrorism is one of the most dangerous phenomena to threaten different Western societies, and its impact on European security cannot be underestimated. Europe is important for jihadi terrorists, both as target and as base for operations. This has some serious implications if we consider the significant number of immigrant Muslim communities living in the Old Continent, who, in the majority, do not approve jihadism and reject its ideology. However, the Salafist extremists try to gain advantage from their number, demographic growth, identity crises, axio-normative conflicts and some social and economic problems, and put lot of effort into radicalising the youth and offering them sense of belonging. The social, economic and cultural situation of numerous Muslim migrants in Europe is explained on one hand in terms of Euro-Islam, and, on the other, with reference to ghettoisation and the creation of parallel societies.In this context it seems very important to understand the radical Salafist challenge for Spain. It is necessary to analyse this phenomenon from the comparative and historical perspectives, describing the different internal and regional (Maghreb) contexts and conditions of the emergence of the jihadist in Spain. Although the genesis of militant Salafist radicalism in Spain dates back to the late 1980s, the development of extremism of this kind manifested itself in the following decade. Its first permanently functioning structures in this country in the second half of the 90s came from Algeria and Syria, hence one can distinguish these countries as the two most important rings of Islamist terrorism. At the same time, it should be emphasised that this distinction is in many dimensions conventional, the more so because members of these structures also numbered immigrants from other Islamic countries, particularly Morocco. These structures frequently became connected by various links and membership fluctuation. On the eve of the new millennium Moroccan jihadists played an increasingly important role. Although the activity of these groups was for many years based mainly on logistics and propaganda, the bomb attack in Madrid on 11 March 2004 was an expression of open terrorism directed against the Spanish authorities and society, and reflected the narrative of global jihad.Immigrants from Morocco, living in Spain, played key role in the Madrid attack. Moroccans also stood out many times in the following years, among cells of radicals in Spain. Their involvement in extremist activity was, among other things, consequence of the influence of activists from the Abu Dahdah network, who, particularly in the second half of the 90s and at the beginning of the new century, developed an extensive network of domestic (Spanish) and international contacts in order to propagate the idea ofjihadism and to radicalise potential soldiers of holy war. A lot of Moroccans were involved in the structures of Algerian and Syrian networks active in Spain at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. After the arrest of Abu Dahdah and other extremists, further fragmentation of terrorist cells followed. By the beginning of the new millennium, recruitment and radicalisation had gained considerable significance in the consolidation of cells and the process of the slow initiation of new followers. It is worth emphasising the importance of direct interactions conducted by extremists as part of close affective ties, built on the basis of friendship, hatred for shared enemies, and involvement in common cause. That is why the collective social profile of members of the cell responsible for the Madrid attack bore, to certain degree, the hallmarks of a bunch of friends (pandilla de amigos), distinguished by Marc Sageman as specific kind of terrorist social group. …" @default.
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• W2597447413 date "2016-04-01" @default.
• W2597447413 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2597447413 title "The Presence of Jihadist Terrorism in Spain 1" @default.
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