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• W2599099425 abstract "IntroductionThe end era of colonial regime in South Asia represented a period of political pandemonium precipitated by partition of India and Pakistan followed by separation of East Pakistan, now called Bangladesh, from Pakistan. It was during these decades of political pandemonium in South Asia that Bhutan found its way to modernisation through transition in its political system, thus becoming one of the last nations in the world to embrace modernity and launch the process of modernization (Phuentsho, 2013). The geopolitics of South Asia, dominated by the logic of reconstruction of nation and territorial expansion, such as, China, India, Pakistan, etc., paved way for redrawing the lines of diplomacy among the nations which subsequently prompted Bhutan to re-evaluate the usefulness of its isolation policy (Choden, 2004).Apprehension over Chinese invasion of Tibet and given the threats from Chinese over the announcement of absorption of Bhutan into Tibet, Bhutan chose to turn to wards India. The influence of India had been significant in the construct of modern Bhutan. In the words of Pradhan (2012:73) the choice of Bhutan to turn towards India has proved to be beneficial for the nation's wellbeing and 'gross national happiness', especially when China was considered hostile to its political survival, at least until then last decade of the 20th century. Since the early 1950s, Bhutan has undoubtedly experienced significant transformation in many aspects of development in which tourism sector has emerged as the key source of foreign exchange earnings (World Bank, 2011).The Genesis of Tourism Industry in BhutanDevelopment of tourism industry in Bhutan is of recent phenomenon tracing back to the event of coronation of the 4th King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, however, the country is now well recognized in the tourist map of the world. Bhutan has been recently listed as one of the top tourist destinations for 2013 in few popular magazines, such as Forbes, the travelers magazine of National Geographic, and New York Times travel magazine (Kuensel, 2013). Bhutan was also among the top three finalists for tourism for Tomorrow's Destination Stewardship Award, 2013, among 133 applications from 46 countries, by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) in London. This award is given to organisations that have implemented a sustainable tourism programme at a destination level, while incorporating social, cultural, environmental and economic benefits, as well as engagement amongst multiple stakeholders (WTTC, 2013). Even though 'Peaks of the Balkans - Municipality of Peja, Kosovo' backed the award, making at the top three itself is a great achievement for Bhutan. Introduction of tourism industry in 1974 in Bhutan was taken as a part of visionary modernisation and economic development plan introduced by King Jigme Singye Wangchuck in an effort to raise government revenue, promot e the country's unique heritage, and develop relationships with the outside world (Dorji, 2001). Unlike coronation ceremonies of his predecessors, several dignitaries from different countries were invited, bringing an end to the long isolation of the landlocked nation from the rest of the world. This was the first time that the international media were allowed to enter the country. A total of 287 invited guests travelled to Thimphu for the event, and several new hotels were built to accommodate them (Brown et al, 2007). Prior to this, visitors from outside were extremely rare and were allowed access only by invitation of the royal family. Such visitors tended to be of the 'explorer' type, following in the footsteps of the few who entered as early as the 1800s (Ritchiev, 2008). Government constructed two state guest houses, trained staff and also groomed six young men to serve as official hosts and multi-lingual guides.The Emperor of Japan sent two minibuses to transport official guests as a coronation gift. He further suggested that Bhutan might develop tourism, to use their guest houses, staff and vehicles (Smith, 1981). …" @default.
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• W2599099425 date "2013-12-01" @default.
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• W2599099425 title "Modernisation, Globalisation and Development in Bhutan: Tourism as a Catalyst" @default.
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