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• W2600268187 abstract "This study probes in to the relationship between organization structure and perceptions of innovation in the pharmaceutical sector of India. Structure includes formalization, centralization, concentration of authority and participation in decision making. Innovation is measured by perceived innovation, that is, the perception of innovation in the organization. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Results were analyzed using both quantitative (statistical) and qualitative (content analysis) techniques. Positive relationship was found between participation in decision making and perceived innovation. Negative relationship was found between centralization and perceived innovation, and between concentration of authority and perceived innovation. No significant relationship was found between formalization and perceived innovation. Introduction The word organization comes from Greek organon, which denotes 'coherent system or unit where independent parts work as one' (Arora, Belenzon & Rios, 2014). Structure not only shapes innovation but plays an active role in successful implementation. Therefore the distinguishing organizational characteristics of innovative firms are of interest to researchers (Souitaris, 2002; Subramanian & Nilakanta, 1996). The design and practice of organization can be optimized to provide a base for constant innovation (Moore, 2004). In order to remain competitive in the global business world, organizations may need to change their systems that are run like machines and where the top leaders decide everything important (Duin & Baer, 2010). Arora, Belenzon & Rios (2014) propose that firms pursuing innovations need a well-matched supporting structure for the purpose of innovations. Broadly innovation not only includes development of new products and services, but also new operating practices, processes, managerial tactics and even business strategies. It may not always be a process of creating, rather a process of building, improving and adapting (Youtie, 2003). Subramanian and Nilakanta (1996) in their research found relationship between organizational characteristics and firm innovativeness. According to them innovativeness is a multidimensional construct. Organizational characteristics they studied were centralization, formalization and specialization. Truly innovative organizations, according to Subramanian (1996), are those that exhibit innovative behavior consistently over time. He proposes that an organization's strategic orientation reflects long-term or temporally enduring behaviors, innovativeness is also an enduring organizational trait. An organization's structure can probably best be studied by using perceptual measures. Researchers like Reddy (cited in Pestonjee, 1997), Singh and Pestonjee (1988), among many others, have studied and measured organization structure as a perceptual/behavioral variable. The current study is an exploratory research, partly behavioral in nature. A fairly new variable, perceived innovation, has been introduced in this study. The objective is to study the relationship between components of organization structure and perceived innovation in the pharmaceutical industry of India. Literature Review Studies by Lewis, Welsh, Dehler and Green (2002) suggests that formalization discourages idea generation due to inflexibility that constrains creativity. Schultz and Schilling (1998), analyzed the impact of 'rule density' and found that the more solutions to problems are codified into rules, lower is the probability of discovering solutions that have not been explained by existing rules. Accumulation of too many rules in the organization can give rise to inflexibility and decreased opportunities for innovation, because rule-based activities consume more time and energy of employees. Shadur, Kienzle and Rodwell (1999) found that in bureaucratic organizations, formalized employee participation led to tension as employees seek greater flexibility for informal problem-solving. …" @default.
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• W2600268187 title "Organization Design & Perceptions of Innovation: Implications for the Indian Pharmaceutical Sector" @default.
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