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• W2601105672 abstract "IntroductionThe Constitution of Federal Republic of Nigeria is damaged by many inept legal actions, most particularly signing into law of Freedom of Information Bill (F.o.I.B.). This signing apparently has three implications: one, F.o.I.B. became law, an act-Freedom of Information Act (F.o.I.A.), 2011; two, it is an affront to national constitution; and three, it marks breach of morality and, therefore, leads to national moral bereavement-as rule of law has been supplanted by rule of jungle: it violates principles of United Nations Declaration on Human Rights (UNDHR) and African Charter of Human and People's Rights (A.C.H.P.R.). Some of these claims are intrinsic and obscure; others are apparent and perceptible. These features are marks of aberration of law and, therefore, contra natura (against public interest and morality). Does any law with such features carry force of law, or is such law not void ab initio and citizens owe it no obligation? It is only necessary to adumbrate and substantiate these claims.Definition of Key TermsThe Federal Republic of Nigeria refers to indivisible and Sovereign State to be known by name of Federal Republic of federation consisting of 36 states and Federal Capital Territory (see 1999 Constitution, Part 1: Sessions 2 & 3).Information generally refers to knowledge that may be required or transmitted about services and about legal (and other bureaucratic or governmental) processes (Pierson and Thomas, 2010, 270). It refers to facts or details about somebody or (Oxford, 765).Law is taken to mean the written or unwritten body of rules largely derived from custom and formal which are recognized as binding among those persons who constitute or state, so that they shall be imposed upon and enforced among those persons as appropriate sanctions (Curzon, 1993, 19).Legal: Of or to law; falling within province of law (Garner, 2009, 975).A bill is a legislative proposal offered for debate before its enactment and public bill is one relating to public policy in whole community (Garner, 186/187). An act, therefore, is formal product of legislative or other deliberative body; statute.Morality implies sum total of norms, mores, and laws that form people's foundation for action. Etymologically, term morality is derived from Latin more, which means people's cultural traditions and values. Morality is foundation for rightness or wrongness of action.By public we shall mean totality of persons who have stake in some reality; something to or people of nation as whole; open or available for all to use. Public interest, therefore, means general welfare of public that warrants recognition and protection; it is interest of people that justifies government regulations/policies (Garner, 2009).Grundnorm refers to (Kelsenian) grundnorm, basic law from which all other laws derive their validity. In Nigeria, supreme, basic norm rests with people and their collective will expressed in 1999 Constitution of Federal Republic.The Background to StudySince man discovered social life, moral codes and law have helped him in achievement and maintenance of order; but politically, between two categories, law has been more emphatic-even though what constitutes essence of law is contentious. Over years, jurists and political philosophers have been divided on whether law needs to reflect morality. Even though it could be agreed that law is that regulatory code pronounced by sovereign backed by some effective sanction (see Bentham, 1970; Austin, 1832), question remains: What is basis of good law? Are all laws just ones? It is obvious that not all laws carry force of just law. …" @default.
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• W2601105672 date "2015-04-01" @default.
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• W2601105672 title "The Nigerian Freedom of Information Act, 2011: A Legal- Moral Evaluation" @default.
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