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• W2602401572 abstract "ABSTRACT: Nowadays countries such as Iran, have been suffering from sanctions and economic crisis, which affect many industries of the country. The tourism industry is a section that has been influenced by different sensations. In this paper, the authors look at the sanctions and their impacts in general and tourism in particular in order to review the potential impacts of sanction on international and national tourism. Desk research and macro analysis have been used in this paper. The results revealed a decrease in outbound tourists and increase in inbound and domestic visitors in recent years. In conclusion, sanctions against Iran have had both positive and negative effects on Iran's tourism. However, the revenue gained from the tourism industry is not as much as other industries in Iran such as oil and mine. Keywords: Sanction, Tourism, Impacts 1. Introduction International economic sanctions appear to be a usual and repeating characteristic in political interactions between governments (Caruso, 2003). Sanctions are defined as actions begun by one or more international actors against one or more other countries by two purposes that include punishing the targets by dispossessing them by some value and make the targets obey certain important norms based on the senders' assumptions (Galtung, 1967). One of senders' purposes to impose sanction is alternation of receivers' policy. Hufbauer and Schott (1990: Vol. 2) Reported a 34 percent rate of success measured based on their influence on the changes in the policies and capabilities of the receiver in terms of a survey of 103 cases of economic sanctions from 1914 to 1990 (Garoupa & Gata, 2002). Sanctions can be unilateral and multilateral which imposed on different sections of a target such as trade, exports, and some industries like oil, mine and travel. The question here is that if sanctions affect on these sections. If yes, which kinds of impacts? Negative or positive? The degree of impacts is different from one sender to another one, one target to others and one section to other sections. In some nations, sanctions have had only bad effect. However, both bad and good impacts have happened in some receivers. Iran is a country which confronted with this subject. Sanctions against Iran have referred to many years ago, but actual sanctions and their forces on the nation and government have happened in recent years. They have had many effects on Iran's different sections and the economy. One of the sections which influence is the tourism industry. Iran has high tourism potential in relation to natural and historical resources and cultural heritage, but tourism isn't prospered. The question here is that if sanction is a deterrent for tourism or a reward and incentive." @default.
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• W2602401572 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2602401572 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2602401572 title "The Impact Of Sanctions On Iran's Tourism" @default.
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