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• W2603060014 abstract "I. INTRODUCTIONIn June 2014, a leaked United Nations (U.N.) report revealed that Mexican unaccompanied alien children (UAC) are not protected from harm at the United States-Mexico border (Border) because the United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is biased against these children.1 Mexican children are frequently used as smuggling guides along the Border because if caught, they are * typically repatriated to Mexico without any serious repercussions.2 Many CBP officers see children involved in smuggling as criminals, and consequently, fail to properly determine whether they are victims of trafficking-which they sometimes are.3The 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Trafficking Protocol) defines trafficking in persons as an act performed through coercion, fraud, or force for the purpose of exploitation.4 The definition includes a sub-section that defines children as anyone under eighteen years old, and states that coercion is not necessary for children to become victims of trafficking.5 The United States signed and ratified the Trafficking Protocol, and even implemented its own trafficking law in 2000, the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Act of 2000 (Trafficking Act).6 The 2008 Amendment to the Trafficking Act (TVPRA) includes specific provisions relating to UACs to combat trafficking in the United States.7 The United States also introduced the Trafficking in Persons Report in 2000, which ranks governments around the world based on their efforts to combat trafficking.8Although the United States is a strong advocate of anti-trafficking efforts, its CBP officers' failure to identify potential victims of Mexican trafficking along the Border undermines these efforts.9 While certain factors, such as lack of training, may affect CBP's ability to identify such victims, its differential treatment of Mexican UACs through the mandatory forty-eight hour screening process after apprehension has done more harm than good in protecting UACs from drug cartels and other forms of organized crime in Mexico.10This Comment argues that the United States is failing to uphold its obligation under the Trafficking Protocol because CBP's screening process for Mexican UACs fails to adequately determine whether Mexican children apprehended at the Border are victims of trafficking. Part II of this Comment gives a brief history of the development of the trafficking phenomenon, specifically trafficking, and its relevant international conventions.11 It then lays out the United States obligations under international12 and domestic trafficking laws.13 It finally describes CBP officers' current treatment of apprehended Mexican UACs.14Part III of this Comment demonstrates how TVPRA's procedural measures, as they apply to Mexican UACs, are not combating trafficking and asserts that, as a result, the United State is violating its obligations under international law to properly identify victims of trafficking. This part particularly focuses on how CBP's screening process of Mexican UACs is violating international law under articles 10(2), 6(4), 9(1), and 11(1) of the Trafficking Protocol.15 Part III very briefly analyzes how the United States is also violating the best interests of the child standard, which has been widely accepted in the United States and other states.16Part IV recommends that the United States amend its CBP screening process in three ways: (1) extend the forty-eight hour deadline;17 (2) train its CBP officers on how to identify victims of trafficking; and (3) require CBP officers to speak Spanish to be able to communicate with Mexican UACs.18 It further recommends that the United States automatically transfer each Mexican UAC to the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), as it does with all other UACs. Part V of this Comment concludes that the United States is in violation of the Trafficking Protocol because its screening process towards Mexican UACs fails to identify potential victims of trafficking. …" @default.
• W2603060014 created "2017-04-07" @default.
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• W2603060014 date "2015-08-10" @default.
• W2603060014 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2603060014 title "Disparate Treatment of Mexican Unaccompanied Alien Children: The United States' Violation of the Trafficking Protocol, Supplementing the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime" @default.
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