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• W2603201896 abstract "(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionValuing market goods (goods that are readily available in the market in the commonly accepted form) is comparatively easy than valuing non-market goods (goods whose demand, supply, and pricing are determined by public interest). Public transport is an example of non-market good. In economies where income of the population is moderate, public transport is the only choice for majority of the population. This is where pricing public transport becomes a challenging task.The Indian state of West Bengal is the second most densely populated in the country (population density 1029 persons per sq. km). In terms of per capita income, the state is ranked 8th. Kolkata, the erstwhile capital of India is the most populous metropolis in the state with a population of 14.7 million1. The occupation of the city is trade, business and service.A city with moderate income, the population depends heavily on public transport for commuting. Apart from the permanent residents of the city, every day approximately 2.6million people from suburbs travel to the city for office and business activities. There is a huge network of transport services that cater to this magnitude of population. 350 pairs of Metropolitan sub-urban trains carry approximately 1.8 million passengers to the city, 8500 buses enter Kolkata from suburbs and criss-cross the city carrying approximately 85000 passengers, 137 pairs of tube rails carry 600000 passengers, 150 trams carry 2000 passengers and river ferry services ferry 10000 passengers from suburbs or the terminal railways stations to the main city. Apart from these means of public transport, a significant number of personal cars and 30000 private taxis are on road every day in Kolkata. The population considers it a responsibility of the state 1government to providing transport services-readily available and economical.Buses in the city are run by private operators and state government undertakings (STUs). The private operators carry about 90% of the total bus passengers and 10% are carried by the STUs. Being a public good, bus fares for both the private and STU operated buses are fixed by the state government.A major component of operations cost of a bus is the cost of fuel. Fuel prices, till 2014 were regulated by the Government of India. Any rise in fuel prices has led to a demand from the bus operators for increasing passenger fares. The operators also demand a fare hike on account of increasing cost of spare parts and repairs and maintenance. However, as a public good, it is necessary to price public transport in an objective manner so that the fare fixing mechanism becomes robust and answers most questions rather than leave them to assumptions.There are different methods and/or models for pricing public transport. The commonly used round the world are the cost and econometric models. Given the problems with availability of authentic data on cost, interest of different stakeholders etc., it can be seen that most of the methods or models may not be practicable for Kolkata. It is thus necessary to formulate a method for pricing bus transport that objectively considers the cost elements, builds in flexibility and addresses the need of different stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to present an objective bus fare pricing model for Kolkata city. The model considers the proportions of the cost categories, and develops a flexible system for fixing fares for public buses.An Overview of Public Transport System in KolkataThe city has a multitude of public transport systems - road, rail and water transport. Table 1 shows the percentage of population using different types of transport. Within the modal share of 54% for public transport, the inter-modal share is as in table 2.There are different types or categories of buses on road - STUs (commonly referred to as 'public bus') and privately operated (referred to as 'private bus'). …" @default.
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• W2603201896 date "2017-01-01" @default.
• W2603201896 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2603201896 title "Dynamic Fare Pricing - an Application for Public Transport in Kolkata" @default.
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