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- W2603206266 abstract "The Tragedy of Unthinking Optimism: A Review Essay Susan Cain. Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. New York: Crown, 2012. Hardcover. 352 pages. $26. ISBN 978-0-3073-5214-9.Charles Duhigg. The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business. New York: Doubleday, 2012. Hardcover. 371 pages. $28. ISBN 978-0-3856-6974-0.Daniel Kahneman. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: F.S.G the routine itself; and the reward for completing the routine. Once we realize that almost all habitual cues fit into one of five categories (location, time, emotional state, other people, or an immediately preceding action); once we identify the routine; and once we figure out which cravings are driving particular so as pinpoint a suitable reward, then we can diagnos[e] and shap[e] habits within our own lives (pp. 275-286).At the same time, Duhigg explains that, from a neurological perspective, habits emerge because the brain is constantly looking for ways save effort, thus allowing our minds to ramp down more often. The result is efficiency. Individuals no longer have think constantly about basic behaviors, such as walking and choosing what eat; instead, they can devote mental energy inventing spears, irrigation systems, and, eventually, airplanes and video games (pp. 17-18). In other words, the brain-specifically, the basal ganglia-can theoretically turn any behavior into a habit, irrespective of what provides the cue that begins the routine and irrespective of whether the resulting habit is a good or bad one. Certainly, we ourselves can initiate, entrench, or change a given habit, and so Duhigg is partly right when he says that your habits are what you choose them be. But powerful external agents-for example, governments, corporations, and advertisers-can also initiate and entrench habits within us, which significantly problematizes Duhigg's sunny outlook.If external entities undertake such habit formation in a transparent manner, we typically applaud, as with the concerted emphasis on worker safety at aluminum manufacturer Alcoa or the implementation of pre-operation checklist procedures at strife-torn Rhode Island Hospital (pp. 97-126, 154-181). In these situations we take ownership of a habit first suggested by others, but only because we feel confident that our efforts are part of a broader systemic overhaul of procedures.But external agents can also have hidden agendas, deploying powerful stimuli of which we are only dimly (if at all) aware create habits that become so ingrained in us that they cannot be changed by willpower. In these cases we do not so much choose our habits as they are chosen for us; we are not really in control, only under the illusion that we are. …" @default.
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- W2603206266 date "2015-04-01" @default.
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