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• W2604200889 abstract "Genus Ganoderma is a well-known fungal pathogen to many plants including tothe most important commodity crop in Malaysia, oil palm. Although several strategieshave been developed to control Ganoderma–induced diseases, the methods are still lesseffective. Many laboratory and in control environment studies indicate very good andpromising results in controlling Ganoderma disease, but these do not happen whenapplied in a field. Interaction characteristics of Ganoderma with its different isolates andwith soils microbes could possibly explain the success of the fungus to grow and todevelop disease on the infected plant. In this study the interactions between isolates ofpathogenic Ganoderma and between the isolates of Ganoderma and fungi fromsuppressive soil made with twenty five isolates of Ganoderma collected from differentinfected oil palm and ornamental palm trees. The tested isolates were arranged in pairs onMalt Extract Agar (MEA) and incubated in growth chamber in the dark 25  2OC. In anexperiment of interactions between the Ganoderma isolates, six types of interactionswere observed. They were: (a) formation zone of sparse mycelia, (b) barrage formation ofmycelia, (c) barrage formation with pigment zone of mycelia, (d) overgrown of oneisolate by another paired isolate, (e) formation of clearing zone between the two isolatesand (f) the intermingled of mycelia between the paired isolates to homogenous colony.All of the 294 pairings Ganoderma isolates showed incompatible interactions, except 31pairings of the different isolates obtained from ornamental palms and identical isolates from oil palm. Growth of the Ganoderma on Carboxymethylcellulose Agar (CMC),Starch Agar (SA), Yeast Phosphate Soluble Starch (YPSS), Yeast Phosphate Agar (YEA)and Lipase Agar (LiA) were also studied to determine the ability of Ganoderma to utilizecellulose, starch and lignin. All of the Ganoderma isolates were able to grow on themedia. However, in general isolates S2K8 and K1K5 were among the faster growingisolates on CMC, YPSS, SA and LiA while isolate Sop2 was on YEA. Because of thegood growth on all the tested media, isolates S2K8 and K1K5 were chosen to be pairedwith 104 isolates of fungi (suppressive soil). It was found that many of the tested isolatesfrom soil were overgrown by these two Ganoderma isolates except for twelve isolates,which included Pennicilium sp. 2, Nerospora sp., Schizophylum commune 1 and 2,Aspergillus sp. 1, Basidomycets 6, Trichoderma sp. 3, Trichoderma sp. 4, Trichodermasp. 5, Trichodrma sp. 6, Trichoderma sp. 7 and Trichoderma harzianum. These twelveisolates formed barrage or zone of sparse mycelia when grown together with S2K8 andK1K5 Ganoderma isolates. These soil fungi isolates except, T. harzianum however didnot grow in Malt Extract Broth (MEB) that contained 7-day-old Ganoderma incubatedat 25  2OC. Growth of T. harzianum was significantly inhibited on MEA incorporatedwith 2.50 g/ml crude extract of S2K8, K1K5 and S1K4 isolates. In the present study,metabolites of S2K7, Kabuloh 1 and KB 1 were also extracted but they were not tested inthis inhibition experiment because of the limited amount of the materials. The crudeextracts of Ganoderma isolates were further analyzed to determine the present oftriterpenes group. Amongst the triterpenes group components that were detected from thetested Ganoderma were of Ganoderic Acid  and Ganoderic Acid which were thehighest produced by the S2K8 and K1K5, respectivelyGanoderic Acid G and Ganoderic A6 were also produced by all the tested Ganoderma isolates with the highest producerswas by S1K4 and S2K7, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that thegrowth of pathogenic Ganoderma species were able to inhibit the growth of fungi insuppressive soil by physical and metabolite interactions. This is a possible reason why theGanoderma disease can occur in many plants and thus difficult to control. In future, morestudies are needed especially to investigate the characteristics of pathogenic Ganodermametabolites and effect of other components of fungal metabolites on other fungi in nature." @default.
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• W2604200889 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2604200889 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2604200889 title "Interaction between pathogenic ganoderma isolates and fungi of suppressive soil" @default.
• W2604200889 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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