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• W2604872017 abstract "Snowflake growth provides a fascinating example of spontaneous pattern formation in nature. Attempts to understand this phenomenon have led to important insights in non-equilibrium dynamics observed in various active scientific fields, ranging from pattern formation in physical and chemical systems, to self-assembly problems in biology. Yet, very few models currently succeed in reproducing the diversity of snowflake forms in three dimensions, and the link between model parameters and thermodynamic quantities is not established. Here, we report a modified phase field model that describes the subtlety of the ice vapour phase transition, through anisotropic water molecules attachment and condensation, surface diffusion, and strong anisotropic surface tension, that guarantee the anisotropy, faceting and dendritic growth of snowflakes. We demonstrate that this model reproduces the growth dynamics of the most challenging morphologies of snowflakes from the Nakaya diagram. We find that the growth dynamics of snow crystals matches the selection theory, consistently with previous experimental observations. A model that reproduces complex 3D snowflake growth using versatile interface descriptors may benefit other dendritic materials. Snow crystals solidify by expanding outward from an initial seed, capturing water molecules as they travel through the atmosphere. While most simulation methods treat this growing interface as a sharp boundary, Gilles Demange and colleagues from the University of Rouen in France report that a less rigid approach yields highly realistic results. Their technique uses a phase field model to represents the snowflake’s surface as a thin moveable layer where ice and vapour mix, and a new surface tension function to explain the anisotropic crystallisation. Including a special algorithm to simulate 3D crystal faceting enabled the model to duplicate essential snowflake morphologies and potentially predict ice water content in clouds under various weather conditions." @default.
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• W2604872017 date "2017-04-10" @default.
• W2604872017 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2604872017 title "A phase field model for snow crystal growth in three dimensions" @default.
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• W2604872017 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-017-0015-1" @default.
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