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• W2605609265 abstract "Mission failure: America and world in post-Cold War era By Michael Mandelbaum, Oxford University Press, 2016, 504 p., ISBN-13: 978-0190469474After end of Cold War, United States tirelessly sought to maintain its steadfast footprint in world affairs. The bipolarity of post-World War II era was gone, and America emerged as sole superpower. Unbeknownst to foreign policy stakeholders at that time, it did so during a period when superpower status was defined not by sheer number of nuclear weapons but rather by a willingness to respond to world's emerging crises. The United States became the multibillionaire among (p. 7] During 1990s interconnectedness of world increased dramatically. Michael Mandelbaum, author of Mission failure: America and world in post-Cold War era, describes this period as post-Cold War world. This book review will argue, on basis of Mandelbaum's book, that Barack Obama's foreign policy represents a new type of foreign policy that draws on mistakes of immediate postCold War period as described by Mandelbaum.The post-Cold War period was a kind of laboratory of foreign policy. It was a Petri dish of new technological advances, from democracy to unipolarity. US foreign policy can be divided into three phases. First, exploration and selective intervention that started with presidency of George H.W. Bush after he took over country's leadership at end of bipolar era. The second wave of foreign policy started with post-9/11 interventions implemented by Bush's son and neoconservatives in his inner circle. This period was characterized by an idealistic and vigorous show of muscle and power. In 2009 Barrack Obama became president and with him a group of wise kids equipped with social media skills and a new vision of foreign policy making entered White House. Despite strong retrenchment towards conventional use of military in world, US foreign policy goals did not change under new administration - all presidents, Obama included, pursued international criminals and terrorists, and condemned and infrequently intervened to stop ethnic and religious atrocities, while passionately supporting right of nations to their independent aspirations. The means of achieving them, however, changed extensively. Apart from first surge in Afghanistan, Obama decided to pursue his foreign policy goals with limited use of power, preferring diplomacy over confrontation and reducing role of Special Operations in large interventions. With technological advances, countries in Middle East and North Africa began to experience an unprecedented number of drone attacks. In Yemen, Obama approved targeted killing of a US citizen, first of its kind in American history. These targeted killings combined with diplomatic efforts have done little to calm either foreign policy hawks or doves. Nevertheless, they are among most plausible and durable policies tried during post-Cold War era.Three Lessons UnlearnedAccording to Mandelbaum, one of mistakes of post-Cold War foreign policy is failure of nation building. America is careful when allocating resources and personnel to make sure it is entirely committed to new countries and nations. The lack of long-term commitment by US is not in itself to blame. Combined with lack of interest from other countries, be they US allies or important players in neighborhood, and all but possible decision making process at United Nations, one can understand why world has not seen a success story in this regard following end of Cold War. The second reason nation building often fails is domestic system of targeted country. Mandelbaum argues that president Bill Clinton failed to seek and promote a better human rights policy in China because it was Chinese who controlled country, not Americans. …" @default.
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• W2605609265 date "2016-07-01" @default.
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• W2605609265 title "Mission Failure: America and the World in the Post - Cold War Era" @default.
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