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- W2608651036 abstract "The word 'Yoga' is derived from the Sanskrit root 'yuja' as also from the root 'yujir' meaning 'to unite' or 'to integrate'. This concept is interpreted by many contemporary scholars as the integration of physical, mental, intellectual and spiritual aspects of human personality and the integration or adjustment of an individual with the environment or the society.From ancient Hindu texts, Buddhist and Jain philosophies, to modern secular life, applicability of Yoga have stood the test of time. Cultural similarities between modern Hinduism and Mehrgarh indicate that Yoga grew out of Stone Age-Shamanism, a Neolithic settlement, aimed at healing community members (Feuerstein & Wilber, 2002). According to Frawley (1990), the oldest text on Yoga is the Rig Veda. Here, the emphasis was upon self-transcendence rather than acquisition of magical powers. Also, chastity remained central to the practice of Yoga (Feuerstein, 2003). The teachings of the Upanishads brought in its wake the era of PreClassical Yoga. Yoga surfaces as 'Shadanya Yoga' - the uniting discipline of the six limbs (Shad-anga) in the 'Maitrayaniya' Upanishad. It includes breath control or 'pranayama', sensory inhibition or 'pratyahara', concentration or 'dharana', meditation or 'dhyana', examination or 'tarka', ecstasy or 'samadhi'. Patanjali's 'YogaSutras' define the Classical Yoga. The eight limbs or 'Ashtang Yoga' of classical Yoga are 'yama' or restraint, 'niyama' or tolerance as well as study and observing purity, 'asana' or physical postures/exercises, 'pranayama', 'pratyahara', 'dharana', 'dhayana' and 'samadhi'. Patanjali advocates studying the sacred scriptures as part of the Yoga practice, which became classical Yoga's distinct feature (Sarasvati, 1973). The different branches of Yoga and many holistic schools for Yoga evolved in the PostClassical Yoga, which can be best defined as an appreciation of the present moment, accepting the reality and, living in the moment (Hayes & Chase, 2010).Types of YogaFour different paths have been laid down in Yoga according to tastes, temperaments, predilections and bent of mind. Followers of these paths have the common goal of merging with the Supreme Reality. 'Jnana Yoga' is the path of wisdom. As first mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita (Bhavanani, 2011), it embodies the knowledge of the eternal, omnipresent, imperishable and omniscient self. 'Bhakti Yoga' is the path of exclusive devotion to God. It teaches how to channelize and utilize love, how to give it a new object, and how to obtain spiritual felicity. 'Karma Yoga' is the Yoga of self-surrendered action. It is selfless service to humanity, which purifies the heart and prepares both the heart and the mind for the reception of divine light orthe attainment of knowledge ofthe self (Mulla & Krishnan, 2006). 'Raja Yoga' lays down a practical method for reaching the truth and is embodied in Patanjali's eight-fold path. The aim is to gain supreme knowledge through control and mastery ofthe mind by shutting out worldly pleasures.Combining techniques of different types of Yoga, there are many forms and techniques of practicing Yoga existent today. 'Sudarshan Kriya Yoga' (SKY) involves cyclical controlled breathing practice with roots in traditional Yoga that provides relief for depression. It is taught by the nonprofit Art of Living Foundation. 'Kundalini Yoga' focuses on the psychic energy points ('chakras') of the body to stimulate spiritual energy. It is based on sustained, relaxationfocused postures along with chanting, controlled breathing, hand gestures and meditation (Shannahoff-Khalsa, 2004). Transcendental meditation' (TM) was popularized by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in the 1960's. It is a form of mental training that aims to improve an individual's core psychological capacities, such as attention and emotional self-regulation. 'Sahaj Yoga' literally means 'natural union with the divine', in which meditation is focused on the 'Sahasrara' chakra, which is located on the top ofthe head (Sharma, Das, Mondai, Goswami, & Gandhi, 2006). …" @default.
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- W2608651036 date "2017-01-01" @default.
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- W2608651036 title "Yoga and Mental Health: A Review" @default.
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