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• W2609418234 abstract "Ascites is the most common complication related to cirrhosis and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Ascites is a consequence of the loss of compensatory mechanisms to maintain the overall effective arterial blood volume due to worsening splanchnic arterial vasodilation as a result of clinically significant portal hypertension. In order to maintain effective arterial blood volume, vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic pathways are activated, which increase overall sodium and fluid retention. As a result of progressive splanchnic arterial vasodilation, intestinal capillary pressure increases and results in the formation of protein-poor fluid within the abdominal cavity due to increased capillary permeability from the hepatic sinusoidal hypertension. In some patients, the fluid can translocate across diaphragmatic fenestrations into the pleural space, leading to hepatic hydrothorax. In addition, infectious complications such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis can occur. Eventually, as the liver disease progresses related to higher portal pressures, loss of a compensatory cardiac output and further splanchnic vasodilation, kidney function becomes compromised from worsening renal vasoconstriction as well as the development of impaired solute-free water excretion and severe sodium retention. These mechanisms then translate into significant clinical complications, such as refractory ascites, hepatorenal syndrome and hyponatremia, and all are linked to increased short-term mortality. Currently, liver transplantation is the only curative option for this spectrum of clinical manifestations but ongoing research has led to further insight on alternative approaches. This review will further explore the current understanding on the pathophysiology and management of ascites as well as expand on two advanced clinical consequences of advanced liver disease, refractory ascites and hyponatremia." @default.
• W2609418234 created "2017-05-05" @default.
• W2609418234 creator A5016056703 @default.
• W2609418234 creator A5081000064 @default.
• W2609418234 date "2017-04-24" @default.
• W2609418234 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
• W2609418234 title "Ascites, refractory ascites and hyponatremia in cirrhosis" @default.
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• W2609418234 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/gox010" @default.
• W2609418234 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5421465" @default.
• W2609418234 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28533908" @default.
• W2609418234 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.

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