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• W26097537 abstract "Abstract Bioindication is the analysis of the informational structure of living systems, ranging from single organisms to complex ecosystems, in order to define environmental quality or assess environmental hazards and risks. The indicative qualities of biotic systems are determined by inherent ecophysiological properties, population dynamics, and stress reactions with regard to physical and chemical changes in site conditions as described in the first section of the present contribution. Bioindication involves active and passive approaches which span the dimensional scale from single-species bioassays over micro and mesocosms to biocoenoses and ecosystems. In view of the mostly unspecific stress reactions of organisms the primary task of bioindicators is the general determination of physiological effects rather than the direct measurement of environmental concentrations of Stressors. Thus, in early recognition perspective the lack of specificity has the advantage of a broad-based caveat, inducive of subsequent systematic search for quantitative causal interrelationships. The second section provides a systematic review of both the typology and rational selection of bioindicators at the species, population, biocenotic and ecosystem levels. It is to show that, in addition to the above aspect, a further advantage of biomonitoring results from their low costs in comparison to those of instrumental measurements, even in the case of active monitoring networks. Another important point is the integrative recording character of both effect and accumulation bioindicators which always reflects the total exposure time, while an instrument can only produce a set of singular data within the framework of a given temporal resolution. In contrast to these positive aspects of bioindicator use, however, an essential deficiency results from the highly variable susceptibility of the different species exposed to Stressors, which leads to difficulties in comparing specific effect data. But in these cases fuzzy logic approaches provide highly commendable operations for processing such data in order to more precisely define their physiological or toxicological information. Active and passive biomonitoring techniques based on specimen exposure and observation yield spatially valid data only on condition the underlying measuring or sampling networks are implemented in compliance with basic geostatistical requirements or the corresponding test methodology such as variogram analysis and subsequent kriging procedures, respectively. By analogy, also the selection of complex bioindicators such as biocoenoses or ecosystems must be based on rigid criteria of spatial and temporal representativeness whose fulfillment should be corroborated by means of both traditional frequency statistics and complex geostatistical procedures as described in Section 2.3. The following section them is a critical comparative appraisal of the problems involved in biomonitoring, which leads to a set of suggestions for improving both the technical practicability and data quality of the various test procedures discussed." @default.
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• W26097537 date "2003-01-01" @default.
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• W26097537 title "Chapter 2 Bioindicators and environmental stress assessment" @default.
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• W26097537 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0927-5215(03)80132-7" @default.
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