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- W2610675174 abstract "Children in the United States increasingly are at risk for health problems that are precipitated or exacerbated by social, community, and environmental factors. Currently, pediatricians are unable to sufficiently address these health conditions without expanding their roles beyond that of providing health care to individual patients. Thus, to improve child health, physicians must work within their communities to identify the needs of the population they serve and take appropriate action to influence the private and public policies that address these needs. Healthy People 2010 establishes a well- supported framework that confronts the social and com- munity factors that affect children's health and serves as a resource for community-minded pediatricians. In addition to Healthy People 2010, other successful initia- tives have been created by pediatricians, and they must be expanded if the pediatric community is to alleviate the social, community, and environmental factors that negatively affect child health. Pediatrics 2005;115:1124- 1128; advocacy, child health, collaboration. ity, and increased fast-food consumption among youth in the United States. At the same time, families suffer from new stresses caused by dynamically changing family configurations and worsening eco- nomic and social conditions that have increased child-poverty rates. 2 Given the direct relationship between poverty and ill health in the United States and the fact that child poverty and deprivation are worsening in many parts of the country, 3 a decline in the health of a significant number of US children may be forthcoming. Children deserve a chance for a healthy start in life; however, researchers across the country have described many examples of the negative effect that social and economic disparities and hardship exert on child health. Patients who are poor and medically underserved and minorities experience significantly worse health outcomes than those with higher socio- economic status, with health insurance, or who are white. In 2002, close to 900 000 children were deter- mined to be neglected or abused, resulting in nearly 4 deaths per day nationwide. 4 This is not surprising, given the fact that 20% of female heads of house- holds on welfare were abused in 1994 versus 1.5% of a comparable group of women who were not on welfare, and female parents with low income show signs of depression at 2 to 4 times the rate of the general female population. 2 Similarly, children who are poor suffer twice as much dental caries as their more affluent peers, and their disease is more likely to be untreated. 5 Significant racial disparities also exist. Black and Hispanic children are more likely to be underimmunized, become overweight, develop diabetes, become pregnant as teens, and suffer from asthma than their white counterparts, and the mor- tality rate for black infants is twice that of white infants. These disparities result from complex inter- actions among environmental factors, specific health behaviors, and differences in health care access and quality. 6" @default.
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- W2610675174 date "2017-01-01" @default.
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- W2610675174 title "EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES The Expanding Role of the Pediatrician in Improving Child Health in the 21st Century" @default.
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