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• W2611606855 abstract "External effects related to children are the costs or benefits that affect the entire community rather than just the childrens parents. Many observers believe that such externalities are at the root of population problems and that they are the major justification for government attempts to influence fertility decision making. This experimental and preliminary work studies the way in which externalities may appear and attempts to evaluate them for contemporary India. The introductory section discusses the interplay between externalities and existing and optimal fertility levels and perceptions of the differences between public and private costs of children. Contributions by economists during the past decade that touch on externalities are briefly summarized; most such studies appear to minimize the impact of externalities on fertility. Despite theoretical attention to the potential role of externalities and the importance of the topic to population policy little has been accomplished in the way of estimating the probable numerical importance of externalities related to children in developing countries. In addition to presenting a partial and preliminary evaluation of the magnitude of externalities in India this work attempts to clarify the problems that must be resolved before a closer approximation can be made. A model developed by Nerlove and collaborators is first used to consider the problems that must be resolved before a closer approximation can be made. A model developed by Nerlove and collaborators is first used to consider a basic situation in which all land is privately owned and no public sector exists. The model is then elaborated in various ways to determine whether externalities appear. Public goods whose per capita costs are less for larger populations are introduced; the existence is assumed of community resources and a public patrimony whose per capita value is reduced by additional births; an effect of population size on technological progress is assumed; the age distribution of taxes and transfer payments is specified. Some important aspects of the problem were omitted from the preliminary work. In particular effects of resource degradation were not considered. All families were considered identical in their preferences and economic situation. Application of the model to India made the discussion more concrete but because the work did not take into account the heterogeneity of the population and because it was intended to be illustrative and preliminary no immediate conclusions of relevance to population policy should be sought from it." @default.
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• W2611606855 date "1991-06-01" @default.
• W2611606855 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2611606855 title "Evaluating externalities to child-bearing in developing countries : the case of India" @default.
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• W2611606855 doi "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315058979-16" @default.
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