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- W2611633584 abstract "Biological ideas shaped cultural attitudes to animals in first half of twentieth century, and New Zealand's primary school nature study programmes prior to 1960 provide insight into this. It is argued here that nature study reflected not only moral and religious rationale, but new natural history and new biology of this era. Significantly, biological ideas enabled rationalisation and integration of sympathetic and utilitarian perspectives, especially as regards farmed animals. This paper concludes that nature study reflected, and helped to foster, a fundamental appreciation of human-animal kinship, and support for ethical animal husbandry and fledgling animal welfare movement. This study set out to examine if, in New Zealand nature study, this stance extended to animals. If so, how was this negotiated within this era of agricultural intensification and objective scientific farming? 3 Are sympathetic approaches in this period best attributed to moral and religious sentiment, and why was this position advocated by biologists? How did evolutionary rationale feed into this? And finally, is there evidence that this approach had any discernible, broader impact? Animals, and cultural attitudes to them, have not been focus of New Zealand nature study scholarship to date. American historian Sally Kohlstedt, tracing origins of Australasian movement, observed that, although it was variably conceived and implemented, nature study broadly aimed to convey the unity of life through observation of living plants and animals, and to inculcate moral, aesthetic, and spiritual values, as well as fundamental science skills. She remarked that advocacy for nature was an important but complicated element, and noted tension between moral, spiritual, and agricultural approaches. 4 In Going Bush: New Zealanders and Nature in Twentieth Century, Kirstie Ross correctly highlighted relationship between nature study and school gardening, and its importance as seedbed (pun intended) of a popular love for great outdoors and a conservation ethos. Both Kohlstedt and Ross noted enthusiasm for native birds within nature study, with Kohlstedt querying if association of wildlife with national identity underpinned support for reinvigorated post-WWII programme. Kohlstedt's examination of United States (US) nature" @default.
- W2611633584 created "2017-05-12" @default.
- W2611633584 creator A5010364527 @default.
- W2611633584 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W2611633584 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2611633584 title "Growing Sympathy for the zoological aspect: Biology and Ideology in New Zealand Primary School Nature Study, c. 1905- 1960" @default.
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