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• W2611698275 abstract "The evolutionary isolation of the 1 '6alapagos Islands has produced a rich diversity of unusual avifauna, many species being found nowhere else in the world. Fifteen major islands comprise the archipelago which is located approximately 600 miles west of the Ecuadorian coastline in the Pacific Ocean on and around the equator. I was able to visit 12 of these on my two week sailing and hiking exploration of the islands, observing at close hand many of the birds I am about to list and describe. Endemic or unique birds to the Galapagos Islands include 13 species of the famed Darwin's Finches, four species of mockingbirds, two species of gull, the Galapagos Hawk, flightless cormorant, Galapagos Penguin, and a  single endemic species each of dove , flycatcher, ma1tin, heron and rail. The Galapagos Waved Albatross is almost considered endemic with the exception of two or three pairs which breed on small islands off Ecuador's coast. The islands a re probably best known for the three resident booby species; howeve r, other interesting bird species also reside in Galapagos including two species of owls, two species of frigatebirds, flamingos, Vermillion Flycatchers, Red-billed Tropicbirds, Brown Pelicans and American Oystercatchers to name just a few. Natural behavior observations and close-up viewing of the birds on Galapagos is an easy matter as animals of these re lative ly young islands have not developed a fear of humans. It is an amazing thing to simp ly walk through a b reeding colony of birds, many of w hich a re on eggs or w ith chicks, and cause no reaction whatsoever. The most s pectacular bird seen on my trip was the Waved Albatross Diomedea irrorata . The entire colony of  12,000 pairs, with the exception of the several pairs mentioned in my introduction, nest exclusively on Hood Island, Galapagos. This magnificent bird, with its bright yellow beak, cream colored head and brown body fe a thers , is known for its unique courtship display involving clicking, freezing, head bobbing and beak crossing. This ritual is repeated each year at the onset of breeding season to reaffirm each pair's lifelong bond before mating takes place. Nesting occurs from May to December after which the young are fledged and the whole colony leaves Hood Island to spend the rest of the year out at sea. I was in the Galapagos during December 1993 and January 1994 so I was able to see the adult Waved Albatross with almost fully fledged chicks. They were all huge, impressive birds having wingspans of up to 10 feet and body weights approaching 11 pounds. My adventure also allowed for a special hike and two nights camping on the rim of Isabella Island's Alcedo Volcano. This is one of the best places to see the Galapagos Hawk Buteo galapagoensis. Adult birds are solid brown with yellow cere, talons and legs while the juveniles have cream colored breasts with a brown mottled pattern. The female birds tend to be larger and they take on more than one mate at a time. All parents then help in the raising of the young. Immature hawks were seen up to one dozen at a time along Alcedo Volcano's rim. They would swoop down inches above my head, occasionally landing on a nearby rock or shrub. Another fascinating encounter I had with a Galapagos Hawk happened on Rabida Island which is known for its red sand beach. It was along this shoreline that several brown pelican nests were spotted in some shrubs, one with three abandoned eggs. As I approached a second nest, I saw a hawk perched atop it with its kill, a down-covered pelican chick. These hawks feed on everything from small lava lizards to young goats if they can get them. This intriguing raptor has been eliminated from many of the islands by direct human predation in the past. Although now protected, this species' total population has been reduced to about 100 pairs. They have no natural enemies, which would explain their curious and fearless natures." @default.
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• W2611698275 date "1994-01-01" @default.
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• W2611698275 title "Avian Diversity of Galapagos" @default.
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