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- W2612693544 abstract "This chapter identifies a number of current issues stemming from policy and practice in the field of SEN (England) and ASN (Scotland). In particular, we focus on dilemmas in two particular spheres: 1) the use of categories and their implications for resourcing, inclusion and the curriculum; and 2) the balance of power between parents and professionals. The chapter is structured around the idea of dilemmas, involving a choice between a number of courses of action, none of which is entirely unproblematic (Norwich, 2008: 3). The first dilemma turns on tensions between a universalist approach, which involves treating everyone the same, and a recognition of difference approach, which may involve positive action for some groups with a view to rectifying existing inequalities. The upside of the universal approach is that it emphasizes common aspirations for all; however, the downside is that it may underplay the disadvantages faced by some children as a result of their impairment combined with their social, political and economic context. Additional resources to fund reasonable adjustments, as well as efforts to bring about attitudinal change, may be necessary in order to level the playing field. Similarly, an approach based on the recognition of difference has upsides and downsides, potentially justifying the allocation of additional resources, but also stigmatizing and justifying social marginalization. These tensions, referred to as dilemmas of difference (Minow, 1985; Phillips, 1999), are not peculiar to education but are common to many social policy arenas and equality strands. Before looking more closely at particular areas where dilemmas of difference arise, we first describe changes within the SEN and ASN policy fields over the past three decades. The second broad dilemma which we highlight in this chapter concerns the" @default.
- W2612693544 created "2017-05-19" @default.
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- W2612693544 date "2016-02-13" @default.
- W2612693544 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2612693544 title "Special and additional support needs in England and Scotland: Current dilemmas and solutions" @default.
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