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- W2613351996 abstract "I INTRODUCTION Guns have come occupy an increasingly visible place in American society. In recent decades, most states have relaxed their laws regulating the carrying of concealed weapons, and many states have expanded the right use guns defensively through Stand Your Ground laws. Congress has allowed a decade-long ban on semi-automatic assault weapons expire and provided a legal shield gun makers and sellers. Public support for stricter gun laws has declined sharply, while self-protection has emerged as the dominant reason for American gun ownership. (1) And, gun rights proponents increasingly are carrying guns concealed, but also openly, into public spaces. The Supreme Court and at least one Court of Appeals have validated these developments by recognizing an individual right (albeit not absolute) under the Second Amendment to keep and bear arms. (2) These pro-gun developments and the growing pro-regulation countermovement have provided occasion for legal scholars re-examine the Second Amendment, both as a legal principle and a social fact. However, these examinations have neglected a powerful theoretical lens that has been hiding in plain sight: gender. It is time take seriously that the exercise of gun rights and responsibilities is and always has been gendered, that the state is and always has been gendered, and that these two dynamics are intertwined. Complementing existing theoretical insights into the history of guns in America, a gender-centered approach can help make sense of this historical patterning--including the contemporary debate over guns in public spaces--in a way that other lenses cannot. Understanding the Second Amendment as gendered first requires understanding governance as a gendered phenomenon. (3) Gendered governance encompasses two understandings: (1) the ways that the apparatus of government (laws, bureaucratic institutions, and so forth) reflect and reinforce the traditional social ordering of men and women--the governance of gender; and (2) the ways that the state and its agents perform functions historically associated with men and women--the gender of (4) The American state was created by and in the image of men, while American state building has largely been about the task of defining and redefining the boundaries between the male citizenry and the masculine state. Since the founding, the question of firearms regulation has been at the heart of debates over the state's prerogatives in both the public and private spheres. Though the article focuses on state apparatuses, it uses the term rather than the state, because the term governance is more expansive. It incorporates gun policy as both a set of laws and a set of commonly accepted practices, and it calls attention patterned dispositions toward solving problems. In short, one way understand American governance is as a gendered narrative in which firearms figure prominently. The genealogy unfolds in three overlapping but conceptually distinct modes of each embodying a different masculine ethos and each making different assumptions about women's civic incorporation. In the first, here termed chivalrous governance, private male citizens crafted, embodied, and defended the rights and duties of citizenship, while women, defined by their membership in the household, remained outside the purview of the state. Citizen militias epitomized this era, as they mobilized private firearms ownership in the service of the commonweal. Chivalrous governance gave way paternal governance. Here, the state assumed many of the public protective functions, such as national defense and policing, once left male volunteers, and usurped private protective functions over women and children left vulnerable by patriarchal structures. Paternal governance is now becoming fixed governance, as an armed citizenry--now explicitly including women--reasserts its prerogative over private and public protection. …" @default.
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- W2613351996 date "2017-03-22" @default.
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- W2613351996 title "Gendering the Second Amendment" @default.
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