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• W2615301013 abstract "REMARKS ON A THEOLOGICAL PROGRAM INSTRUCTED BY SCIENCE * ON OCCASION WE ENCOUNTER a piece of writing that displays relentless personal honesty. Frankness governs both what the author says and what he refuses to say. Likely critics or admirers are denied undue influence during the course of composition. Such writing commands our respect even if we disagree with assumptions made or conclusions drawn. We may respect for example the work of both a believer like Bonhoeffer and a nonbeliever like Camus. This virtue sometimes finds expression as well in a distinctive body of writing occupying a rather mobile position between orthodoxy and atheism. Its distinctiveness derives from the way it attempts to join together critical and constructive commitments. On the critical side, it is prepared to assess inherited religious beliefs by the standards of intelligibility accepted by the wider contemporary culture, and to abandon, modify, or reinterpret such beliefs accordingly. In our culture of course the standard frequently employed is knowledge amassed by the scientific method. On the constructive side, not all religious beliefs are discarded as the projections of a prescientific culture. Many are held to represent more than incidental wisdom set in a framework that is itself systematically illusory. They depict, often profoundly, recurrent features of the human condition, and provide guidance for the attitudes we should adopt and policies we should follow. An example of this kind of writing is R. M. Hare's The Simple Believer. 1 Hare's praise of Braithwaite applies to his *Jam.es M. Gustafson, Ethics from a Theocentrie Perspective. Volume I, Th~ ology and Ethics. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981). 1 Jn Religion and Morality, eds. Gene Outka and John P. Reeder, Jr. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor, 1973), pp. 393-427. 572 REMARKS ON A THEOLOGICAL PROGRAM 573 own case: His sincerity, and his refusal to take refuge in the evasions and the obscurities that are the occupational disease of those who write in this field, compel admiration. 2 Hare repudiates all efforts to perpetuate an orthodox body of Christian beliefs more or less intact, as if current scientific findings were irrelevant to such beliefs. He is willing to jettison belief in petitionary prayer and the afterlife, for instance. While prayer remains important (in a sense left unspecified), its object is no longer a God who intervenes, even mysteriously and without empirical verifiability, in this world as we know it. And he regards the statement that we shall survive the death (the literal death) of our bodies as meaningful, but unbelievable . 3 Parts of the major Christian creeds must thereby be revised or rejected. Yet Hare declines simply to walk away from Christianity or cease going to church. His own constructive side has mainly to do with morality. He explicitly agrees with orthodox Christians about most moral matters, and shares a nonfalsifiable faith that the world is so constituted that the moral life will not be proven futile. In weaving together critical and constructive commitments, Hare commends an overall strategy of natural selection. He thinks the majority of modern educated persons in the West cannot be intellectually content to remain in an orthodox enclave, and is confident that Christians will prove at least as adaptable in the future as they have in the past. 4 James M. Gustafson has now given us a work which matches Hare's in its conspicuous honesty: Ethics from a Theocentric Perspective, Vol. I. The theocentric views Gustafson defends often differ crucially from Hare's chastened Kantianism. But on the matters I identify above, striking affinities appear. Gustafson too assigns a necessary role to scientific findings in assessing traditional religious beliefs; he is prepared to revise or reject many beliefs, including petitionary prayer, the afterlife, 2 Ibid., p. 407. s Ibid., p. 419. 4 Ibid., p. 4~0. 574 GENE OUTKA and some others contained in the creeds; and he remains dedicated to the institutional church. We have the advantage in this case of a book-length defense that attends to a great deal of explicitly theological material. The volume then is indisputably important. Furthermore, it is written by someone whose previous publications and teaching have proven to be widely and deservedly influential. Yet part..." @default.
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• W2615301013 date "1983-01-01" @default.
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• W2615301013 title "Remarks on a Theological Program Instructed by Science" @default.
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• W2615301013 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tho.1983.0005" @default.
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