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- W2616943220 abstract "Framing and Resource Activation: Bridging the Cognitive-Situative Divide Using a Dynamic Unit of Cognitive Analysis Luke David Conlin (luke.conlin@gmail.com) Department of Curriculum & Instruction, 2226 Benjamin Building College Park, MD 20742 USA Ayush Gupta (ayush@umd.edu) Department of Physics, Toll Building College Park, MD 20742 USA David Hammer (davidham@umd.edu) Departments of Physics and Curriculum & Instruction, Toll Building College Park, MD 20742 USA Abstract postulating that the connection between spirit and body occurs in the pineal gland near the center of the brain. Modern cognitive science has shown that Descartes was wrong not only about the function of the pineal gland, but that the very concept of a ‘center’ can apply to consciousness and cognition—there is apparently no single place or time in the brain where it all ‘comes together’ (Dennett & Weiner, 1993). Vision provides a case in point: we have moved away from the assumption that the visual cortex functions something like a neural correspondence of our visual field, finding instead that vision is hierarchically distributed over various parts of the brain (Felleman & Van Essen, 1991) 1 . This decentralized view of mind has been highlighted by researchers working within the traditions of situated and distributed cognition. Situativity theorists claim that cognition cannot be defined apart from the situation in which it takes place and so take the appropriate unit of analysis the individual-in-a-setting (Greeno, 1997; Greeno & Moore, 1993; Lave, Murtaugh, & de la Rocha, 1984). In a commonly cited example, Lave et al. (1984) argued that whether or not a person knows how to find 3/4 of 2/3 a cup of cottage cheese depends critically on how the person takes up the affordances of the situation at hand; whereas the person may be unable to solve the problem via manipulation of symbolic fractions, they may still get the correct result by manipulating the physical objects. Theorists of distributed cognition have decentralized the mind even further by considering how information processing can be distributed across multiple individuals as well as artifacts. Hutchins (1995) has detailed a paradigmatic example by arguing that it is the cockpit—not any individual pilot—that remembers the safe landing speed of an airplane. Theory in cognitive science often splits into those who treat cognition as occurring in individual minds those who treat it as situated or distributed, as irreducibly a matter of an individual-in-a-setting or of multiple individuals and artifacts. Prominent accounts have treated this split as between incommensurable paradigms (Sfard, 1998), competing theories (Greeno, 1997), and as complementary perspectives (Cobb, 1994). In the present paper, however, we argue that the accounts can be seen as theoretically continuous, differing in the scale of dynamics, such that a society of mind (Minsky, 1988) model of individual cognition is theoretically continuous with a mind of society model of social cognition. We sketch our framework and show how it leads to this continuity. We also argue that the relevant scale in any instance should be guided by the evidence, rather than based on purely a priori commitments. Keywords: Modeling distributed cognition; collaborative learning cognition; situated resources; framing, cognition; education, Theoretical Backdrop Cognitive science has undergone dramatic advances that have forced us to question our basic assumptions of the nature of mind and its relation to the world. This progress has followed a path analogous to the conceptual changes in astronomy over the centuries. As astronomers have extended their gaze outward into the cosmos, they have revolutionized our view of the world and our place in it. These revolutions have been patently decentralizing—the Copernican revolution displaced the Earth from the center of the universe, and Einstein’s cosmology went so far as to remove the very concept of ‘center’ from the universe. A similarly decentralizing pattern of revolutions has also been the fruit of our gaze inward, using the tools and trade of cognitive science. While ancient views of consciousness assumed a central role for the heart, neuroscience has followed Hippocrates in focusing on the brain as lexis of mental life (Finger, 2001). Descartes in particular placed the “center of consciousness” squarely between the ears by Even if one of the area of cortical ‘projection’ is damaged, so that a blindsight patient reports seeing nothing at all, their ‘visual location’ capabilities can be quite intact, as evidenced by their ability to ‘guess’ well above the level of chance where an object is in their field of ‘vision’." @default.
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- W2616943220 title "Framing and Resource Activation: Bridging the Cognitive-Situative Divide Using a Dynamic Unit of Cognitive Analysis" @default.
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