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• W261745146 abstract "Introduction: Fanon's Final Adieu In The Wretched of Earth (1), Fanon theorizes a rupture between colonization and decolonization that must be marked by violence in order to be authentic. He reasons that where once hostility of colonized was directed toward his compatriots or else confined to practices of dance and possession in which symbolic killing, fantastic rides and imaginary mass murders [were] brought out and most aggressivity and most impelling violence [were] canalized, transformed and conjured away, confrontation with colonizer serves as conduit for expression of rage. Where violent impulse was once appeased by myths, it is now directed towards very real act of liberation (Fanon 57). With this cleavage, not only is social order completely inverted as the last shall be first (Fanon 2), but decolonized terrain is a tabula rasa. Fanon, revolutionary, imagines that this violence unifies colonized and is a cleansing force for individual, freeing him from his despair and inaction, making him fearless and restoring his self-respect. Violence is met with self-imposed silence as is tortured, when his wife is killed or raped, he complains to no (Fanon 92). The native simply continues to fight, maintaining focus on justice that will ultimately justify his violence. There is no room for exposure of grief, only for reciprocating such violations. However, this liberatory violence is not without psychic and psychological consequence as Fanon, psychiatrist, explores in The Wretched's final chapter, 'Colonial Wars and Mental Disorders'. Through case studies of both victims and perpetrators of violence committed during anti-colonial struggle in Algeria, Fanon reveals his belief that political violence cannot be bracketed, that it bleeds into realm of intimate. (2) It is significant that Fanon wrote The Wretched in middle months of 1961, shortly before dying of leukemia, and thus its final chapter, from which this paper owes its foundation, is his final adieu. Given that torture and other forms of violence continue to be widespread practices in conflicts local, regional, and global, Fanon's insights on its consequences are clearly applicable to terrain of 21st Century. However, current work focuses not on the wretched of earth again, (3) but on Fanon's wisdom in directing our attention toward psychological and social fragmentation that results from violent confrontations with modern power. It is a more ethereal but no less potent arena of liberatory struggle, one that is engaged in through use of multiple strategies, including act of writing. Using Toni Morrison's Beloved and Edwidge Danticat's Breath, Eyes, Memory, this paper explores ways in which psychic trauma inflicted by regimes of modern power, trauma that Fanon insists upon exposing, is represented in and resolved through journeys of novels' protagonists. It observes that whereas Fanon envisions decolonized subject as one who rejects symbolic, these post-colonial writers center spiritual in path toward reconciliation with legacies of colonial and anti-colonial violence. As we will see, characters in Danticat's and Morrison's novels engage in acts of violence in order to secure their freedom, acts that resonate with aspects of Fanon's vision of anti-colonial struggle. However, these authors' works suggest that in order to repair what enslavement, colonialism, and post-colonialism have broken, there must be a reconnection with practices, myths, and embodied spirituality that Fanon appears to dismiss as diversions from real business of liberation. Thus, these writers expose Fanon's analysis to be shortsighted or incomplete. However, their work also points to what might be one of most profound elements of Fanon's legacy. …" @default.
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• W261745146 date "2011-11-01" @default.
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• W261745146 title "Remembering the Wretched: Narratives of Return as a Practice of Freedom" @default.
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