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- W2617706018 abstract "Research indicates that upper-body muscular strength gains following resistance training may be greater in individuals with greater initial fat-free mass (FFM). Further, individuals with lesser initial muscular strength experience greater gains in strength. However, FFM and muscular strength have not been analyzed simultaneously to determine possible interactive effects on strength gain. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of resistance training using free weights (FW) and machine weights (MW) on changes in upper-body muscular strength when controlling initial FFM and strength. METHODS: College men (n = 850) and women (n = 836) enrolled in a required wellness course over 3 years volunteered to participate. Each participant was measured before and after 12 weeks of periodized resistance training for body composition and 1RM bench press using free-weights (FW) or machine weights (MW). Body composition was estimated from gender-specific skinfold prediction equations. MW modalities included a seated horizontal press (SHP) and a supine vertical press (SVP). Bench press training was periodized with progressively heavier loads and reduced repetitions designed to achieve maximum strength improvement. Mode-specific bench press training was supplemented with auxiliary upper- and lower-body exercises performed in 3 sets of 6-10 repetitions. RESULTS: A 2 x 3 ANOVA indicated no significant change in FFM or %fat for either gender or training mode. The relationships between initial level and delta FFM (r = -0.10, p<0.001) and %fat (r = -0.24, p<0.001) were significant but weak. A gender x training mode ANCOVA controlling for initial FFM and muscular strength indicated that men (10.4 ± 6.2 kg) gained significantly (p<0.001) more strength than women (7.7 ± 5.4 kg) although %gain was significantly greater in women (22.0 ± 21.1%) than men (14.8 ± 14.0%). Mode-specific differences in strength gain (p<0.001) and a significant interaction (p<0.02) were noted. Strength gain on SHP (11.3 ± 5.6 kg) was greater than SVP (9.0 ± 5.9 kg) which was greater than FW (6.5 ± 5.3 kg). CONCLUSIONS: Men gain more upper-body strength than women when differences in initial FFM and strength are accounted for. Training with machines produces greater gains in upper-body muscular strength than FW in initially untrained individuals." @default.
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- W2617706018 date "2017-05-01" @default.
- W2617706018 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2617706018 title "Changes In Upper-body Strength Are Independent Of Initial Fat-free Mass And Strength Level" @default.
- W2617706018 doi "https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000518170.84250.8f" @default.
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