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• W2619695119 abstract "(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionIn our opinion, passively active workers are human beings who are enslaved by a system (an organization or company), and are devoid of initiative, incapable of critical thinking, and expect or even demand everything from their country, authorities, or supervisor. Such workers are passive people, unwilling to take fate in their own hands, but at the same time they are extremely demanding. Despite having authority in some situations, these workers do not want to take on any responsibility. A passively active worker-the so-called Z type- is a kind of successor to homo sovieticus, who was a product of the previous system. The Z-type worker's social attitude has the characteristic features of homo sovieticus. Although the communist system, with a centrally planned economy, is already history in Poland, we can still find workers who have habits and features that were shaped by, or characteristic of, the previous era (Tobor-Osadnik et al. 2011).In Poland the term homo sovieticus was popularized by Reverend Jozef Tischner (Tischner 2005), who associated it with a specific type of behavior resulting from experiences in the period of the People's Republic of Poland (Walter 2011). At the same time he treated it more generally-not as an attitude characteristic of the communist system but one resulting from the eternal relation between a ruler and a subject. According to Szostak, the social and economic transformation after 1989 did not thus effect the complete elimination of the homo sovieticus mentality. Moreover, in his opinion, that mentality has even deepened in some social groups (Szostak 2004).Currently sociologists do not have a unified view of homo sovieticus. Among other things, some researchers have doubts as to whether homo sovieticus exists today and whether this type is solely a product of communism. According to Tyszka (2009), the characteristic features of homo sovieticus still exist in Polish society today, two decades after the collapse of communism. However, the issue cannot be regarded solely in the context of an inheritance from the communist system. The syndrome has its roots in the imperfections of the social and political system, in mistakes committed in the transformation process, and in the ongoing creation of policies in multiple social and economic areas (Kolasa-Nowak 2015).Tyszka emphasizes that the communist system did not have a monopoly on shaping such attitudes. He opines that rather than seeing homo sovieticus in its pure form currently we rather observe elements of it in Poles' ways of thinking and behaving (Tyszka 2009). Like Tyszka, we think that a passively active worker-a Z-type employee (an employee with homo sovieticus features)-is not solely the product of totalitarian and communist systems. The Z attitude appears in various forms among workers in the types of economy characteristic of Western Europe or the USA. (Gunkel, Schlagel, Engle 2014; Charness, Masclet, Villeval 2014)What is interesting is the fact that such an attitude is exhibited by individuals who were born or raised after the year 1989 in Poland. Like their peers in other countries, they exhibit the syndrome of learned helplessness in their professional work (Moczydlowska 2005). The most probable cause is the education system. It is significant that the syndrome is associated with people who have opportunities and high potential for development but who are simultaneously unwilling to change their situation. Such people expect to be fully led and to according to set patterns (fill in the test, act by the book) (Harvey 2009). Such attitudes are intensified in organizations with a strong hierarchy and autocratic management style, including corporations.Arnott emphasizes the powerful cult nature of such organizations, which is reflected in a hierarchical structure based on following procedures, strict control, and prescriptiveness (Arnott 2000; Yildiz 2014: 25). …" @default.
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• W2619695119 date "2017-01-01" @default.
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• W2619695119 title "The Passively Active Worker - a Diagnosis and Comparison of the Phenomenon in a Mining Company and a Corporation" @default.
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