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• W2620004408 abstract "Refrigeration cycles powered by waste heat or heat produced by solar systems represent a promising way to reduce CO2 emissions; among the various technical solutions, H2O-LiBr absorption cycles seem to be particularly interesting. The experimental plant described in the paper has a double task: to verify the machine performances by varying the operating conditions and to validate simulation models. The core of the plant is a single-stage H2O-LiBr absorption machine; the generator is powered by hot water produced by an electrical boiler; the cooled water is used to feed some fan-coils. The measurement facilities include differential pressure transducers to measure flows, thermoresistances and thermocouples; all the variables are converted into electric signals and elaborated through an acquisition data system. After the first acquisitions on the plant, realized to verify the machine, the circuits and the reliability of instrumentation, an experimental campaign was conducted by varying the temperatures and the flow rate of the hot water. The energy performances of the plant are presented as well as the results given by the models. INTRODUCTION One way of limiting CO2 emissions and therefore greenhouse effect is to use energy waste, such as low temperature heat, which would otherwise remain dissipated in the environment. Refrigeration cycles supplied with waste heat or water heated through solar collectors represent a promising application for energy-environmental issues; among the potential technical solutions is the absorption cycle with Water and Lithium Bromide, suitable for air conditioning. The refrigerant -absorbent pair H2O-LiBr, in fact, has numerous advantages such as high enthalpy of vaporization, no need of rectification; it is neither toxic nor dangerous At the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Perugia research groups have been actively working on alternative refrigeration technologies and in particular on absorption systems; the main topics dealt with were the measurements of thermo-physical properties of new fluids (Cotana et al., 1992, Felli et al., 1991) the evaluation of new cycles and machines (Felli et al., 1991), and the creation of new prototypes (Coppi and de Lieto Vollaro, 1990). The experimental plant described in this paper has dual validity: on the one hand, it has scientific validity since it aims at verifying the performances of the machine as operational conditions vary and at validating the thermodynamic models developed, and on the other, it has didactic purposes. Activities were funded by a national research project “Inverse thermodynamic cycles for refrigeration and heat pumps: development of solutions with low environmental impact – non conventional refrigeration systems”. 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE ABSORPTION MACHINE The Japanese-manufactured (Yazaki) experimental single-stage absorption machine uses Water-Lithium Bromide as working fluid. It has the four main elements of any absorption group, i.e. generator, evaporator, condenser, and absorber , as shown in figure 1. The machine has a nominal refrigeration power equal to 17 kW and exploits a flow rate of hot water equal to a 1,57x10 m/s at 88°C. The refrigerated water can drop to a minimum temperature of 8°C; in nominal conditions it is produced at 9°C with a drop in the evaporator of 6°C. The nominal flow rate of cooled water produced is equal to 0,83x10 -3 m/s: the maximum pressure at the generator and at the evaporator are International Congress of Refrigeration 2003, Washington, D.C. 2 Palladium cell Refrigerated water Cooling water Hot water equal to respectively 98 kPa and 295 Pa. To cool the absorption and condenser, a water flow rate from the aqueduct equal to 2,22x10 m/s is necessary, which is heated from 29.5°C to 34.5°C; the maximum pressure in the cooling circuit is equal to 295kPa. The machine is equipped with a recirculation between the concentrated and diluted solutions in the generator and absorber, with an exchanger to recover heat. The machine is also equipped with a heater with a palladium-cell to extract hydrogen produced inside; it does not have mechanical devices since fluid circulation is achieved through distillation and gravity. Figure 1: layout of the absorption machine Figure 2: full view of the experimental plant The machine components are placed as shown in figure 1. They are: 1) generator, 2) tube for steam produced in the generator, 3) separator, 4) condenser, 5) U-shaped tube to allow pressure drop from the condenser to the evaporator, 6) evaporator, 7) absorber, 8) solution heat exchanger, 9) generator inlet 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PLANT 2.1 External Circuits Figure 2 shows a view of the plant at the Labs of the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Perugia; the layout is shown in figure 3. The central par t of the plant is the absorption machine; the external circuits guarantee the continual flow of the fluids at the inlet and outlet of the machine. The generator is supplied with hot water produced in an electric boiler with three heating resistances of 10 kW each and a thermostat with a remote control switch, which acts on the resistances once water has reached the operating temperature; the heating circuit is linked to an expansion tank. Absorber and condenser are cooled thanks to water taken from the aqueduct and than dispersed. An initial layout of the plant included a specific reservoir for storing cooled water. The first tests showed however that the tank was not large enough to guarantee steady conditions to be reached due to the gradual decrease in temperature of the water in the tank; so a refrigerating device was inserted made up of two fan coils. The hot and cooling water flows are produced by two identical pumps; each pump of the hot circuit carries a flow rate of 3,3x10 -3 m/s with a discharge head equal to 68.6 kPa; each pump of the cooling circuit carries a flow rate of 3,0x10 m/s with a discharge head equal to 46.0 kPa. The proposed layout allows setting the temperature of the hot water supplying the machine; it is also possible to partially regulate the different flow rates of the fluids of the external circuits." @default.
• W2620004408 created "2017-06-05" @default.
• W2620004408 creator A5010201791 @default.
• W2620004408 date "2003-01-01" @default.
• W2620004408 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2620004408 title "An experimental plant to evaluate the performances of an absorption refrigerator" @default.
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