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• W2620160235 abstract "The management of nonpoint sources of nutrients is the primary challenge for improving conditions within the Susquehanna-Chesapeake Basin. Although ecological indicators such as aquatic macroinvertebrates are widely used to assess stream integrity, the relationship between nutrient runoff and stream ecological response remains indistinct. This ambiguity is due, in part, to the logistical and financial hurdles of obtaining high-resolution empirical measurements of nutrients to compare to ecological metrics. However, landscape models that simulate runoff may be a more practical alternative. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is one such model and was used in this study to simulate nutrient runoff in a small, upland, agricultural watershed in east-central Pennsylvania that drains into Mahantango Creek, a tributary to the Susquehanna River. Macroinvertebrate communities were sampled at 13 sites during May 2014 and described using an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). A broad range of scores was observed, indicating differential levels of degradation within the study area that ranged from low to very high. The distribution of IBI scores also indicated that biological integrity was moderately degraded in many reaches throughout the study area. Land cover metrics and the Stream-Wetland-Riparian (SWR) Index, an in-field rapid assessment of site condition, both indicated that agricultural stressors were a major cause of this degradation.Thirty spatio-temporal scales of nutrient data were identified from SWAT model output, and three nutrients were considered in the analyses: total phosphorus, total nitrate, and total organic nitrogen. Best Subsets Regression was performed on the IBI scores using SWAT, land cover, and SWR variables, and regression models were found to be highly significant. Grab samples of nitrate concentrations were also collected once per season at each site and compared with modeled nitrate levels. In contrast to the SWAT-modeled nutrient outputs, grab sample nitrate showed no significant relationship with IBI score, supporting the premise that sporadic empirical sampling is an insufficient measure of overall nutrient pollution and is inadequate for characterizing the relationship between nutrient runoff and macroinvertebrate community integrity. This study is among the first to illustrate the value of the SWAT model as a viable alternative to empirical sampling of nutrients in aquatic systems. It also demonstrates the importance of considering spatial and temporal scales of modeled nutrient outputs and additional factors, such as land use and site condition, when describing the relationship between nutrients and stream ecological health." @default.
• W2620160235 created "2017-06-05" @default.
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• W2620160235 date "2016-05-08" @default.
• W2620160235 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2620160235 title "Stream condition and nutrient runoff: Linking the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with empirical ecological measures in an agricultural watershed in central Pennsylvania" @default.
• W2620160235 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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