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- W2623713993 abstract "Malthusian interpretations of Chinas rapid population growth were maintained until the 1920s and 1930s when rural marital fertility was found to be low to moderate. Recent from the Qing Imperial Genealogy from 1644 to 1911 were used in this analysis to examine fertility levels and fertility control patterns within marriage. The Qing Data are considered an excellent data source. The assumption is that the Imperial Lineage enjoyed above average economic circumstances and low fertility among this privileged group would validate such behavior among the general population. There was evidence of a gradual increase in female marriage age and a decline in polygamy as well as signs of fertility control within marriage through longer birth spacing and earlier stopping. These behaviors were most evident among couples of low nobility. Not only were these changes evident but also there were very gradual changes. Female age at marriage increased from 18 years in the 1710s to slightly higher than 21 years by the 1850s. Before the Chinese marriage laws were enacted in the 1950s the mean age at marriage was already in compliance with the law. The proportion never marrying increased between the 1750s when only 13% didnt get married and the 1850s when 20% did not marry. Fathers age at first birth increased from 21 years in the early 18th century to 26 years in the late 19th century. Over 2.5 centuries there was also a decline in the number of concubines per man from over 4 to 1. There was lower incidence of polygamy among lower class members. Fertility estimated were generated for completed fertility of the father and the period age specific and total fertility rate for 1701-1750 1751-1820 and 1821-1840. Monogamous fathers living to 45 years of age had on the average 5.63 children ever born in the 18th century and only 4.86 in the early 19th century. When the 50% of fathers who did not reach 45 years of age are taken into consideration fertility is lower. Polygamous fathers had 60% more births than monogamous fathers who had 5.2 children ever born. The historical checks of Beijing Jiangnan and Liaoning population confirm low marital fertility and the role of preventive checks in the modern fertility regime." @default.
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- W2623713993 date "1993-01-01" @default.
- W2623713993 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2623713993 title "Two kinds of preventive checks: marital fertility control in Chinas historical population." @default.
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