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• W2624283774 abstract "Research has established that those who work with victims of violence suffer serious VT due totheir daily contact with these victims and their stories. Among the researchers are Maslach (1982)with her work on burnout; McCann and Pearlman (1990) with their work on vicarious traumatization; Figley (1995) with his work on compassion fatigue; Catherall (1995) with his workon secondary traumatic stress; Dutton and Rubinstein (1995) with their work on post-traumaticstress disorder; Saakvitne and Pearlman (1995) with their work on VT; Ochberg (1988) with hiswork on post-traumatic therapy; Rothschild (2000) with her work on the effect of trauma on thebody; and Richardson (2001) with her guidebook on VT. However, not much research has beendone regarding interpreters.Ochberg has been a leading authority on the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) since the 1960s. An expert on PSTD and the Stockholm syndrome, he helped definetrauma and PTSD. Figley started studying traumatized nurses in 1970. He is the editor of theseries on “Compassion Fatigue” which focuses on trauma and secondary traumatic disorder onthose who provide therapy to the traumatized, and their treatment. The first book of the series,Trauma and its Wake, was published in 1985. Other pioneer work in the field of VT, in additionto that done by authors noted earlier above, includes Pearlman and Maclan (1995), whodescribed the profound effects suffered by professionals exposed to the traumatic experiencesand narratives of those they work for and with, in their study titled “An empirical study of theeffects of trauma work on trauma therapists”. They laid the foundation for most subsequentwork on stress, trauma and vicarious traumatization management.In the literature reviewed, VT is often linked to post-secondary traumatization, burnout,compassion fatigue and countertransference. It is therefore necessary to define these terms inorder to understand the signs we may see and differentiate them. For Gilmore (2011, p.4),“Burnout refers to extreme circumstances where the worker is suffering personally and professionally from their work; it is usually accompanied by a high degree of negativity. Compassionfatigue came from Charles Figley who used it to refer to people who suffer from being in ahelping capacity for a long time. “Countertransference in the context of psychotherapy is the distortion on the part of the therapist resulting from the therapist’s life experiences and associatedwith her or his unconscious neurotic reaction to the client’s transference” (1995, p.9).Ochberg (cited in Landau 2009) makes a distinction between compassion fatigue, which forhim is empathy developed by therapists when listening to traumatized persons, and vicarioustrauma, which goes beyond that. He says the following: “It’s not that I am feeling sorry for themand empathizes with them, it’s that I am becoming them”.McCann and Pearlman first used the term vicarious traumatization in 1990 specifically withreference to the experience of psychotherapists. Talking about vicarious traumatization,McCann and Pearlman (1990, p.133) stated that “Persons who work with victims may experienceprofound psychological effects, effects that can be disruptive and painful for the helper and canpersist for months or years after work with traumatized persons. We term this process “vicarioustraumatization”. At the vanguard in the field and authors of numerous studies and articles onthe subject, Saakvitne and Pearlman defined vicarious traumatization as being:a profound change in the therapist sense of meaning, identity, world view, beliefs, andabout self and other … Vicarious traumatization refers to a transformation in thetherapist’s (or other trauma worker’s) inner experience resulting from empathicengagement with clients’ trauma material. That is through exposure to clients’ graphicaccounts of sexual abuse experiences and to the realities of people’s intentional crueltiesto one another and through inevitable participation, re-enactments in the therapyrelationship. The therapist is vulnerable through his or her empathic openness to theemotional and spiritual effects of vicarious traumatization. These effects are cumulativeand permanent and evident in both the therapist’s professional and personal life … [it] ismarked by profound changes in the cores aspects of the therapist’s self or psychologicalfoundation." @default.
• W2624283774 created "2017-06-15" @default.
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• W2624283774 date "2015-02-20" @default.
• W2624283774 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2624283774 title "Vicarious trauma and stress management" @default.
• W2624283774 doi "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315745381-31" @default.
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