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- W2624722413 abstract "A penalty kick in football places great pressure on the kick taker. The presence of others has received growing debate on how it affects performance and it is vital to understand the psychological battles which performers experience when being observed. This study intended to manipulate audience intensity to discover how task performance is influenced. Furthermore, four psychological components were chosen to be measured. The participants in this research were 30 male University footballers aged 18-24. An experimental method tested audience effect on penalty kick quality and a repeated measures design was utilised. Three conditions were created, one of which being the control where no audience was present. Participants also completed the SCAT, RSES, SSCI and TSCI. Results revealed significant differences between the loud and no audience conditions. A significant difference was also found between the loud and quiet condition but no significant difference was revealed between the no audience and quiet conditions. The SCAT and TSCI also proved to be significant predictors of penalty performance amongst the sample. It was concluded that it is in fact the intensity of an audience which influences penalty quality the most, rather than the mere presence of an audience alone. The artificiality of the experiment damages the generalisability of the findings. Lastly, subsequent studies may seek to integrate home and away characteristics into a similar experiment." @default.
- W2624722413 created "2017-06-23" @default.
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- W2624722413 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W2624722413 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2624722413 title "How does the presence of an audience affect university footballers’penalty kick quality in relation to several psychological concepts?" @default.
- W2624722413 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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