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• W2625072445 abstract "Metal nanoparticles are already used in various applications and products, with rising tendency. Scaled-up production facilities are needed to answer the demand of the industry, but are very challenging to realize. A production process should generally be energy efficient and sustainable, however the production of metal nanoparticles requires further attributes. In order to produce pure metal nanoparticles, the process needs to be free from oxygen. Also, it has to be ensured that the mass output of nanoparticles is scaled up without increasing the particle size. Detailed information about particle formation and dedicated measurement systems are of importance.This work reports about the development of a scaled-up production facility of pure metal nanoparticles. The scale-up approach is the parallelization of multiple transferred arcs. The basic idea is thereby, to first optimize the particle formation of a single transferred arc process (lab-scale) in terms of production rate, particle size and electricity consumption and then use it in parallel (production facility), in order to multiply the production rate and minimize the energy consumption. Optimization of the lab-scale process is achieved by adjusting the electrode and gas flow adjustment or by varying the carrier gas composition. The influence of the carrier gas composition on production rate, specific electricity consumption and particle size is investigated. Furthermore, the influence of gas flow and power input are investigated. Optimal process parameters for metal nanoparticle synthesis by transferred arc discharge are found. Long-term production is achieved by the development and adaption of a suitable feeding mechanism. The optimization of the lab-scale process results in an optimal single unit (OSU) for metal nanoparticle production, which is used for the scale-up approach.A dedicated measurement system based on parallel aerodynamic and mobility diameter measurement with a novel analysis method is applied in order to determine the primary particle size of the synthesized particles online. An equation is found, which allows calculating the mass mobility exponent directly on the basis of the effective density of a particle, hence allowing the direct determination of primary particle size. Also, a thermophoretic proximity sampler is used to determine the particle size evolution during formation. It is found that a thermophoretic proximity sampler can be used to determine particle size evolution in arc discharge synthesis. Particles are successfully sampled at three different characteristic moments during primary particle growth; shortly after nucleation, during common growth processes and when growth of primary particles has already been finished.In order to understand the particle formation and the influence of different process parameters on the particle size, a simple particle formation model including nucleation, coagulation and sintering is introduced. To include sintering in the model, specific sintering parameters of the modeled material system are needed. The sintering parameters are determined experimentally by a tandem differential mobility analyzer setup including a sintering furnace. The sintering parameters are obtained by a fitting procedure of the experimental data to a sintering model. The particle formation model including the sintering parameters describes the particle formation accurately.The production facility applying the scale-up approach is assembled considering intense safety requirements. It contains 16 OSUs in two reactor chambers, each consisting of 8 electrode pairs (mOSU), a gas recirculation system and a filtration unit. The filtration unit is built with a novel, valve-less bagging system. Also, a particle passivation system is added. It is shown that the production rate of the process scales successfully with the number of transferred arcs, while the primary particle size stays constant on the nanoscale. It appears however that the scaled-up process favors the formation of larger agglomerates, which is found not be a result of the residence time, but apparently the increased heat development of the mOSU.In order to show an application of the produced particles, a copper nanopowder is used to produce a copper ink. The ink is printed on glass substrate by spin or hand coating. It is found that the electrical resistivity is dependent of the printed film thickness, which might be consequence of film inhomogeneities. Applied sintering to the printed films improved the conductivity significantly." @default.
• W2625072445 created "2017-06-23" @default.
• W2625072445 creator A5066925098 @default.
• W2625072445 date "2015-09-30" @default.
• W2625072445 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2625072445 title "Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles by Transferred Arc Discharge" @default.
• W2625072445 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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