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- W262624268 abstract "America is still at heart, a business-oriented society.... We are still naively sure science and technique will heal wounds and sores we leave on earth, when in fact those wounds are more malignant than ever. Perhaps we will never be at perfect peace with natural order of this continent, perhaps we would not be interesting if we were. But we could give it a better try. (Donald Worster, The Dust Bowl 8) By end of nineteenth century it had become obvious to those paying attention that many of ways Americans were using nature were destructive. In response two parallel yet fundamentally unalike American conservation narratives emerged. These developing narratives were about promoting good relations between humans and rest of nature. They dealt with, in words of Walt Whitman: the most profound theme that can occupy mind of man ... relation between the... Me, human identity of understanding, emotions, spirit, c of parts of nature from context of nature as an integrated whole; and of humans from nature. The subordinate narrative, on other hand, which has been largely an effort to counter some of its competitor's perceived failings, has included preservation of a broader constellation of cultural concerns, including emotional and spiritual ones. It has become a story about intimacy--in terms of acknowledging interconnections among parts of nature; of parts of nature forming integral wholes; and of humans closely related to and dependent upon rest of nature. As each narrative differs in its goals and values--particularly on its emphasis on material facet of world--each also differs in ways it incorporates methods and knowledge of scientific inquiry. While roles of science may vary within different cultural contexts, however, science itself remains a tool in either case for describing physical facets of world. It can be powerful in doing so, but that is all it can do. Science can help in describing past and present conditions of material nature and in predicting trends into future to varying degrees of reliability. When question of what should be arises, inquiry necessarily steps beyond what science alone can help us to understand (Leopold 226; Freyfogle and Newton 863). One person who gave articulate public voice to prevailing narrative of conservation at turn of twentieth century was Gifford Pinchot--first chief of United States Forest Service serving under President Theodore Roosevelt. Much scholarship has focused on contrast between Pinchot's viewpoints and those of naturalist and adventurer John Muir. Muir was well-known for his deep aesthetic, moral, and spiritual appreciation of wild nature and for his efforts to set aside wild nature parks intended to exclude most human activities. The differences between these two men often have been cast as American conservation-preservation divide. Less attention has been paid, however, to important writings of a good friend of Muir's--John Burroughs--and his expressions of what had become an alternative cultural narrative. …" @default.
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- W262624268 date "2007-12-01" @default.
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- W262624268 title "Alienation or Intimacy?: The Roles of Science in the Cultural Narratives of Gifford Pinchot and John Burroughs" @default.
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