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• W262647603 abstract "In many prosecutions in which weapons have been used to commit charged offenses, the State seeks to introduce into evidence weapons not actually used in the crime but purportedly related either to the charged crime or to the credibility of a witness. For years, courts have struggled with the issue of whether the State has established the relevancy of a weapon not used in the crime underlying the case at hand as well as whether the admission of a weapon under those circumstances would cause unfair prejudice to the defendant. Case law on the relevancy of weapon evidence presents a myriad of opinions with fine and detailed distinctions in reasoning and conclusions. Not too long ago, Florida's high court weighed in on the issue in a decision that set out the considerations that a trial court must make before admitting weapons not used in the charged crime. This article discusses that opinion and compares past and subsequent cases to parameters. In Agatheas v. State, (1) the Florida Supreme Court considered whether the admission of a gun recovered from a backpack in the defendant's possession five years after the charged murder had any connection to the crime. Citing to Jackson v. State, (2) the court stated that it had previously held that in order for evidence of a firearm to be admissible ... [at] trial, 'the State must show a sufficient link between the [firearm] and charged crime.' (3) The court stressed that before the trial court considers the prejudicial effect of weapon evidence under Florida Statutes section 90.403, (4) the trial court first must address whether the evidence is even relevant, to cither the crime or to a witness's credibility. (5) The court determined that the gun that was discovered five years after the crime, which had a different caliber than the bullet casings found at the scene, was in no way related to the murder, pointing in part to the significant time difference. (6) The court also decided that it was not relevant to corroborate the testimony of the State's witness, the defendant's former girlfriend, who testified that the defendant told her that he had murdered the victim while the defendant and the witness were watching a news airing about the murder, and who testified that the backpack in which the defendant kept his gun was missing on the night of the murder. (7) The court emphasized that the gun did not relate to any matters on which the witness was impeached or to any issues raised on redirect. The court then stated that the simple fact that the witness was impeached by the defense did not open the door to evidence of the gun. (8) The court in Agatheas declared that the district court of appeal had failed to conduct the balancing test under Florida Statutes section 90.403, to determine whether evidence should be excluded because its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of issues, misleading the jury, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence. (9) It first stated that the only relevancy of the evidence in Agatheas was to demonstrate the defendant's bad character or propensity, and then it deemed the evidence confusing to the jury since the gun had no connection with the murder and was not introduced until a full day after the witness's testimony. (10) The court held that the admission of the gun into evidence, as well as the admission of photographs and testimony regarding the weapon was unquestionably error. (11) A. RELEVANCY--THE LINK BETWEEN THE WEAPON AND CHARGED CRIME 1. SUFFICIENT LINK Prior to Agatheas, courts admitted evidence of weapons not shown to have been used in the charged crimes for no reason other than that they highlighted some aspect of the defendant's association with the victim or the charged offense. The State might have established a link to the crime by showing that the defendant had access to the weapons or had understanding of how they operate. Presumably, these cases withstand scrutiny under Agatheas in light of the Agatheas court's direction that admissibility is premised in part on the connection to the charged crime. …" @default.
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• W262647603 date "2014-03-22" @default.
• W262647603 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W262647603 title "The Admissibility of Weapons Not Used in the Crime Charged" @default.
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