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• W263291661 abstract "At this point, I wish to express my thanks to all of you for persevering this afternoon. I truly appreciate those of you who have been at this event for the duration. It has been a very rich day, and I hope that our panel will continue in that vein. Before I begin my discussion, I would also like to echo this gratitude to the law review folks who invited us here. It really has been an insightful day, and I want to thank you all for affording me the opportunity to complement this already stimulating panel exchange. For those of you who were here earlier, you know that we had a little bit of a discussion about sports, and the title of my discussion evokes that. My discussion--Ad-In/Ad-Out: Deciding Victory and Defeat in Affirmative Action Legal Contestations--is an amalgam of sports and legal terminology and concepts, and as an avid tennis fan, I have found much to admire in Venus and Serena Williams in the tennis world. (1) The Williams sisters are not the first African Americans to excel on the tennis court, but they are among the very few to reach such echelons. (2) Their rise to the of their largely elitist, expensive, and exclusive sport is unparalleled in many respects. (3) Although Venus and Serena Williams are not typically considered an affirmative action success stow, several aspects of their experience underscore important considerations at the heart of the legal and social debate surrounding affirmative action policy. It is important to recognize that the Williams sisters have become the standard bearers in a field in which African Americans previously were excluded on the basis of race and economic disadvantage. Early indications hardly suggested their success, despite showing early promise at the sport. For example, as one writer compared the experiences of the Williams' and Pete Sampras: Sampras, arguably the best player to ever pick up a racquet, grew up in Rancho Palos Verdes--the of the hill, literally and figuratively, a community rich in tennis culture and tennis stars. The early years for Wimbledon winner Venus and last year's U.S. Open winner Serena, were at the bottom, on mean streets where gang warfare was an inescapable part of the landscape, where gunshots were often the background noise of the night. (4) Furthermore, the economic disparities between the two communities are virtually unchanged as the Los Angeles Times so suggested. While Pete Sampras' area in Rancho Palos Verdes--the top of the hill--has been filling up with mansions and enjoying a significant increase in the median family income during the last ten years from $78,000 to $138,000, the situation in Compton has been much different. (5) Compton--also referred to as the bottom of the hill--has witnessed only a slight family income upsurge from $26,000 to roughly $30,000 for the same time period. (6) This still holds true even in the face of an economic resurgence and considerable crime-rate decrease since the early 1990s. (7) The Williams sisters persevered despite such disparities. With confidence, experience, and determination, they overcame racial hostility and early deficits in their tennis acumen--what might be considered standardized measures of tennis orthodoxy--and surpassed their competition. For the Williams sisters, the relevant experience to advance in their chosen field was to play more tennis tournaments and to continue to study the intricacies of the game. Upon doing so, both women's physical, mental, and emotional abilities steadily improved and their tournament victories increased. Thus, in many respects, the Williams sisters' achievement demonstrates the realization of success for those having identifiable promise, including promise that is evinced beyond standardized measures of skills and experience. In addition, in light of the continuing dearth of African Americans in the junior and adult tennis ranks, the Williams sisters' experience further represents the persistent need for racial and economic opportunity, parity, and inclusion in all areas of American life. …" @default.
• W263291661 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W263291661 date "2002-12-22" @default.
• W263291661 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W263291661 title "Ad-In/Ad-Out: Deciding Victory and Defeat in Affirmative Action Legal Contestations" @default.
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