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- W263796179 abstract "The NOAA/NULS-1 underwater habitat facility at St . Croix was utilized during July 1982 for a study of the temporal patterns of migration into the water column by reef zooplankton . Samples were collected for 6 days at 9 daily time intervals using mesh emergence traps, diver pushed plankton nets, and surface plankton net tows . This is the first study to sample such finely spaced time intervals . Preliminary analysis from 2 days indicated that there was migration throughout the night, with increased activity found prior to sunrise as well as following sunset . This is the first time a predawn rise of zooplankton has been documented . The cyclopoid copepod, Oithona colcarva, dominated most time intervals, although it was not nearly as abundant n an earlier Caribbean reef zooplankton study . Most zooplankton taxa followed the same general pattern of activity, and the relative abundance of the common taxa generally remained the same throughout the 24 hours . The time intervals around sunset were an exception, however . For example, during the hour following sunset, calanoids, harpacticoids, polychaetes, and pagurid larvae were relatively more abundant than during the hour prior to sunset, while copepod nauplii and amphipods were less abundant during this postsunset time interval . Significantly more taxa were captured during the first hour of darkness than during any other time interval . The effects of different trap designs and types of reef substrata on zooplankton samples also were examined . There was no significant difference in the number of individuals collected between treatments using sealed and unsealed traps or between those using unsealed traps over coral and sand substrata . This is in contrast to other studies ; two possible explanations for these discrepancies relate to the types of substrata over which sealed and unsealed traps are compared and to differences in trap sealing efficiency when different substrata types are being compared . INTRODUCTION The zooplankton that reside within or near coral reef ecosystems have only recently begun to receive the attention of researchers . Zooplankton have been studied from various ricific reef communities primarily by using various modifications of emergence traps (Alldredge and King, 1977, 1980 ; Porter and Porter, 1977 ; Porter, et al ., 1977 ; Hobson and Chess, 1979 ; Birkeland and Smalley, 1981 ; McWilliam, et al . , 1981 ; and Walter, et al . , 1982) . Fewer studies of reef zooplanktonfrom the Caribbean have been conducted (Ohlhorst, 1980, 1982, 1985 ; Robichaux, et al . , 1981 ; and Youngbluth, 1982) . While the diel migration patterns of these zooplankton have been shown to influence the behavior of nocturnal planktivorous fish (Hobson, 1974 ; Hobson and Chess, 1978 ; Robertson and Howard, 1978) and might affect the behavior of other reef planktivores (Porter, 1974 ; Sebens, 1977 ; Liddell, 1982), few studies have investigated the diel migration patterns of reef zooplankton in detail (Alldredge and King, 1980 ; Ohlhorst, 1982 ; Walter, et al . , 1982) . The only study of migration by Caribbean reef zooplankton Tconducted at Jamaica by Ohlhorst, 1982) suggests that there is no single pulse of migratory activity ; rather zooplankton rise into the water column at variable rates throughout the night with a peak of activity during the second hour after sunset . Also, different taxa were shown to exhibit differing migratory patterns . While these observations are consistent with those from the Pacific, it is important to determine whether or not such patterns occur elsewhere in the Caribbean . Additionally, more frequent sampling than previously conducted would be of value in refining the patterns of zooplankton migration . One of the reasons for the paucity of detailed studies addressing this question is the physiological limitation placed upon safely conducting the repeated sampling dives which are necessary for such studies . Previous studies which have addressed the question of migratory patterns of reef zooplankton have been restricted to sampling widely spaced time intervals or sampling very shallow (< 5 m) sites . Data from Ohlhorst (1985) suggests that caution should be used when extrapolating data from shallow sites to greater depths . The present study examines the migratory patterns of reef zooplankton at an intermediate (15 m) depth at St . Croix through repeated sampling of finely spaced time intervals. This sampling was made possible by saturation diving from the NOAA/NULS-1 Underwater Habitat, HYDROLAB ." @default.
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- W263796179 title "Temporal patterns of zooplankton migration" @default.
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