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• W264961 abstract "Anyone who has a friend or family member with ParkinsonAEs disease knows what a truly horrible condition it can be. It is a degenerative disorder usually accompanied by uncontrollable shaking, rigid limbs, and slow movement. An estimated 1.5 million Americans suffer from ParkinsonAEs, while another 2 million suffer from a similar condition called that causes involuntary rhythmic shaking. For the afflicted, even the most basic actions--drinking a glass of water, walking across the room, or greeting a friend with a handshake--become difficult or impossible. A friend of mine suffers from the early stages of ParkinsonAEs. Although still functioning well, he often complains about how other people react to his condition. ItAEs embarrassing, he says. People think I'm one step away from a nursing home because my hand shakes. For decades, the available treatments for ParkinsonAEs and essential tremor have been the same: drugs, which work only for some patients and lose their effectiveness over time, and brain surgery, which may imperil the faculties for speech, movement, and swallowing. In early August, however, the FDA announced its approval of a new treatment--a tremor-control device called . It consists of an electrode planted in the brain and a pulse generator inserted under the collarbone. The generator sends a steady stream of tiny electrical pulses to the brainAEs thalamus to block the signals that cause the shaking. In clinical studies, nearly all the patients who use Activa experience some reduction in tremors. Some sufferers of severe tremors were able to feed themselves for the first time in years. Before the implant, patients could not raise a glass of water or a spoonful of food to their mouths without spilling or striking themselves in the face, says William Koller, the chairman of the neurology department at the University of Kansas Medical Center, which conducted some of the clinical research. Within hours, these same patients are sipping tea from a cup and eating peas with a fork, with no signs of their disability. [Activa] stops all or nearly all involuntary shaking in most patients almost instantly. The Activa pulse generator is a phenomenon of AmericaAEs fertile soil for invention. It was created by Medtronic Corp. of Minneapolis, the world leader in pacemakers and other implantable and invasive medical devices, such as heart valves and drug pumps. With $2.4 billion in revenue this year and 13,000 employees around the world, Medtronic is not only a leader in medical innovation, but also a model for entrepreneurial pluck and the social benefits of competitive markets. Medical Entrepreneurs Just after World War II, Earl Bakken was a young graduate student in electrical engineering at the University of Minnesota. Bakken got to know the staff at Northwestern Hospital in Minneapolis while waiting each day to pick up his wife, a medical technologist. When staff members learned of BakkenAEs interest in engineering, they began asking him to repair electronic hospital equipment that the hospitalAEs engineers were unable to fix. He worked part-time at the hospital, and began talking with a friend, Palmer Hermundslie, about starting a business repairing hospital equipment. In 1949, the partners set up shop in a dilapidated, 600-square-foot garage in northeast Minneapolis. In their first month, they earned $8 for the repair of a centrifuge. But by the following year the pair was taking in regular repair work as well as acting as regional representatives in the upper Midwest for several medical equipment manufacturers. During the early 1950s, Medtronic grew into a modestly successful equipment sales and repair business. As Bakken and Hermundslie got to know doctors and nurses throughout the Midwest, however, they also developed relationships with medical research laboratories. Sometimes these labs would ask them to modify equipment or design a special device for tests. …" @default.
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• W264961 date "1997-11-01" @default.
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• W264961 title "The Profit Motive for High-Tech Healing" @default.
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