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• W265784599 abstract "This article examines campus ministries. It provides an overview of both traditional and contemporary campus ministry organizations as well as a discussion of the value of both types. The relationship between religion and the academy has a long history. Many early U.S. institutions, such as Princeton and Dartmouth, were chartered during the religious awakening of the 18th century (Rudolph, 1990) and a majority of the early institutions had strong denominational ties. These institutions were led by men of the cloth, and were designed to enhance Christian values and morals. In 1750, Yale began an annual day of prayer for college, and this day of prayer rapidly spread to other campuses. Also, the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) and the Young Women's Christian Association were instrumental in offering early religious direction on campuses (Poster, 1994). As the modern university expanded in the 19th century, the campuses' emphasis shifted to issues of rigorous scholarship and research (Rudolph, 1990). Until the rise of these modern universities, religion and moral instruction were central to the campus curriculum as religious principles were equated with the principles of science and history (Cherry, DeBerg, & Porterfield, 2001). Randolph stated that this new campus atmosphere caused concern for religious denominations. As a result of this discomfort, and of the increased numbers of non-Protestants at historically Protestant institutions, and the encouragement of religious organization at institutions, clergy began being assigned to work with students. Thus, the campus pastorate movement began (Rudolph, 1990). However, during the 1990s religious and spiritual issues became central again on many campuses. Religious activity began gaining popularity as many campuses experienced increased participation in religious organizations. During this period there was also a resurgence in research on faith and identity development and campuses exploring their church and institutional relations (Mahoney, Schmalzbauer, & Youniss, 2001). This increase in campus religious activity mirrored society. A 2003 Gallop poll indicated that Americans are experiencing an intense search for spiritual and religious growth (Gray, 2003). Models of Campus Ministry Since the mid 1960s in the United States, campus ministry has been divided in to three main models: the presence model, the networking/resource model, and the church-on-campus model. Current campus ministries reflect these three operating models; however many reflect the church-on-campus model. Prom the mid 1960s to the mid 1970s (the presence model), campus ministry was on campus as a passive voice, interpreting and responding to the changes and development of the academic community. During this time period, the campus ministries operated under the assumption that the students and faculty had an understanding of the church's mission (Brittain, 1988). In the late 1970s, local churches saw that the campus ministries could be of service to them, by encouraging the students to attend services. During this time of the networking/resource model, campus ministries led students to activities. The campus ministry would not so much do ministry as enable ministry to occur (Brittain, 1988, p. 074). Also, in the same time as the networking/resource model, campus ministries began to shift from the spiritual and ministerial nature to an outward view towards world injustice, crime, and poverty (the shift to social responsibility; Winings, 1999). The late 1980s introduced the last model of campus ministry, the church-on-campus model, which provided persons on campus the worship and study of the tradition of a local church, yet outside the local church setting. Campus ministers began to realize during this time that although many students were familiar with the traditions of the church and religion, for many other students and faculty the concepts taught and discussed through the ministry were new (Brittain, 1988). …" @default.
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• W265784599 date "2004-04-01" @default.
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• W265784599 title "A Description of Traditional and Contemporary Campus Ministries." @default.
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