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• W266012777 abstract "While the world mourned in the immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, an international legal response was sculpted in the corridors of the UN Security Council, NATO, and the US Congress. This response was subsequently presented to the world as a coherent package termed the war against terrorism. Critiques of the package and attempts to understand the reasons for the brutal attack were cast aside as philosophical and inappropriate in a time of crisis. The international community agreed to support every action taken under the umbrella of this new war. In the past, similar periods of crisis have served as foundational moments in international law. Yet in the months that followed the September 11 attacks, the reputation of international law remains suspect, if not in tatters. The unilateral power grabs taken under the guise of a fragile international consensus and the supersonic speed with which international institutions responded to the attacks set alarming precedents with profound consequences. The responses to the September 11 attacks have left many scholars with a sense of discomfort and even frustration. The attacks exposed a gaping hole in the field of international law. The acts were criminal, but they also constituted a warlike assault the United States. International law, which has traditionally been associated with relations between state actors, was confronted with an enigma, an attack by a non-state actor a sovereign nation. Non-state actors, whether market participants or international trading companies, have long been significant players in the international arena and brought many unresolved challenges to the structure and relevance of international law. Today, some non-state actors, such as terrorist networks and international financial institutions, have acquired a supranational status and have exposed the limited utility of international legal doctrine that remains unresponsive to the normative challenges emerging from today's transnational realities. The response to the Septemb er 11 attacks therefore raises questions about the legitimacy and effectiveness of mainstream international law in a transnational world. The Rule of Law In the immediate aftermath of September 11, there were two competing narratives that found expression in the international arena. One concerned the rule of law and the other concerned the rule of terror or violence. On September 12, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution declaring that it regards [the attacks], like any act of international terrorism, as a threat to international peace and The Council further called on all states to work together urgently to bring to justice the perpetrators, organizers and sponsors of these terrorist attacks and stressed that those responsible for aiding, supporting or harboring the perpetrators, organizers and sponsors of these acts will be held accountable. The Security Council thus set the stage for ordering the imposition of sanctions (Article 41) or use of force (Article 42) under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The resolution obliges the Council to take steps to restore international peace and security. The Council had previously resorted to sanctions in 1999 and 2000, establishing a ban air travel, freezing funds, and imposing an arms embargo the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. These measures were enacted when the Taliban failed to comply with resolutions requiring it to close down terrorist training camps and surrender Osama bin Laden and others for trial in connection with the 1998 bombings of US embassies in East Africa. After September 11, the United States declared that it had credible evidence that the attacks were the work of Osama bin Laden and the Al Qaeda network. On September 28, the Security Council adopted a resolution requiring all states to cease financing of terrorist operations and to deny safe haven to terrorists. …" @default.
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• W266012777 date "2002-03-22" @default.
• W266012777 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W266012777 title "Collateral Damage: Sacrificing Legitimacy in the Search for Justice. (International Law)" @default.
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