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• W266295612 abstract "In Chapter 3, Baird outlines the complexities of water flow in soils and hillslopes and the importance of their spatial variability. In Chapter 5, Michaelides and Wainwright outline the factors controlling the movement of the same water within channels and the model approaches available in which to simulate and better understand this movement. This chapter takes a landscape view of water movement and examines the aggregation of hillslope processes into nested catchments connected by stretches of flowing water. We will examine the complexity of catchments in process, time and space and highlight some of the simple rules that determine their behaviour. We start by analysing the hydrological and computational definition of a catchment before discussing the range of models applied for hydrological modelling at this scale. We then present some of the state of the art and future directions in catchment modelling before identifying some of the gaps in our understanding of catchments and some of the simplicities which have emerged from the modelling of complex catchments. Studying the hydrology of catchments involves an understanding of the water balance of individual hydrological response units (HRUs) through the interaction of climate, vegetation and soils in the determination of the local water balance (precipitation minus evapotranspiration) and resulting soil moisture and the partitioning of this balance between more rapid surface pathways for flow such as runoff and slower subsurface pathways such as throughflow (interflow in the US) or groundwater recharge. In addition, one has to understand the spatial distribution and topological network for connectance of these response units such that the propagation of water between them can be understood. This propagation may involve amplification or diminution of flows depending upon the characteristics of the HRU. Finally, the rapid flows less connected with their substrate provided by permanent channels are added as a further layer of complexity. The interaction of spatially varying climatic and human impacts must also be taken into account. Thus, the spatial complexity of catchment hydrology can be significant, not to mention the fact that many of these factors change also in time, for secular processes at scales from minutes (for the meteorological) to hundreds of thousands of years (for the topological) and for extreme events at all scales and in any time. The types of questions asked of hydrologists at the catchment scale are diverse. Leaving aside those related to hydrology (such as the impact of land-use change on soil and nutrient erosion, the transport of point source and nonpoint source contaminants, the extent and distribution of salinization, variations and change in aquatic or wetland environments and associated species) and concentrating on the solely hydrological issues, scientists, policy-makers and citizens are mainly interested in the following:" @default.
• W266295612 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W266295612 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W266295612 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W266295612 title "Modelling catchment hydrology." @default.
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