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- W26644911 abstract "Despite the many transformations taking place in Myanmar, its agricultural sector is lagging. A high proportion of rural households remain poor and food insecure as a result. This article examines the underlying causes of poor agricultural performance through a combination of literature and secondary data review combined with extensive field interviews with a broad range of key informants in the main agricultural zones of the country. We identify key structural changes that are needed to unleash smallholder-led agricultural transformation and broad-based rural economic growth. (1) ********** Despite enormous potential, Myanmar's agriculture has underperformed over the past fifty years. Today, per capita earnings in agriculture average roughly USD $200 a year, one-half to one-third the levels achieved by its regional peers. Given that two-thirds of the population work primarily in agriculture, low farm productivity translates into high rates of poverty and food insecurity. Currently, about one-quarter of the population falls below the national poverty line. As a result, in spite of national rice self-sufficiency, food security for many households and individuals remains elusive. Poor households spend over 70 percent of their income on food. In addition, fully one-third of rural households borrow at some point during the year in order to purchase food. Up to one-half of rural households report having to navigate two months each year without adequate food supplies, leaving one-third of the country's children stunted. Why has Myanmar's agricultural sector performed so poorly? What actions will be most effective in stimulating rapid, broad-based increases in agricultural productivity and profitability? In order to address these two core questions, this paper summarizes the results of a detailed diagnostic assessment study prepared by a team of six Myanmar Development Resources Institute (MDRI) staff, and seven international agricultural specialists. (3) The discussion below begins with a brief overview of the data and methods employed, followed by a synopsis of the current structure and performance of the agricultural sector. The remaining sections of the paper address the paper's two core questions concerning reasons for Myanmar's poor performance and potential remedies. DATA AND METHODS This assessment builds on a wealth of existing background studies and survey work, including a recent agricultural sector review commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); an Integrated Household and Living Conditions Survey; a country economic assessment conducted by the Asian Development Bank (ADB); an important baseline study and early evaluation reports by the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT); a collection of highly informative subject-matter reports and studies by the Land Core Group of the Food Security Working Group, FAO, Okamoto, and the Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR); and a series of four reports prepared by the Ash Center at Harvard University and commissioned by Proximity Design. (4) Private-sector trade associations representing the rice industry, and poultry, livestock, horticulture, and pulse traders supplied the team with similarly useful market data and, in some cases, survey results commissioned by their associations. (5) In order to see farm production, marketing, food security conditions, and livelihood options firsthand, the team conducted three weeks of field interviews in the Delta, Dry Zone, and in Shan State during two waves of visits running from early October through the end of November 2012. The team also attempted to visit Chin, Mon, and Kachin States, but was unable to arrange the necessary travel logistics and permissions. Team members recognize the limitations this places on the geographic scope of their understanding, particularly given that conditions vary widely over time and across geographic space in the ethnic and border areas they were unable to visit. …" @default.
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- W26644911 date "2014-03-22" @default.
- W26644911 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W26644911 title "Strategic Choices Shaping Agricultural Performance and Food Security in Myanmar" @default.
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