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• W266891181 abstract "By now, most educators have heard the argument that the United States is falling behind in the global marketplace because its educational system is not providing new workers with the skills they need. That students are lazy, incompetent, and have poor attitudes about work has become almost knowledge. From the Secretary of Labor to the CEO of Xerox Corporation, reformers are making demands on school systems and recommending changes of all sorts. If your system, school, or classroom has not already been affected by these demands, it's probably only a matter of time. It doesn't matter whether you are a vocational educator -- reforms are often recommended that affect whole schools or districts. Unfortunately, most reform proposals only tell part of the story. By focusing on students and schools, the research that backs up the proposals ignores other factors that affect students' ability to enter careers that are both useful to society and satisfying to the individual. Research about the job market, conditions in the workplace, and the rewards of working has uncovered problems that cannot possibly be the fault of educators -- but this research does not get the same attention. And all of these factors affect whether your students have the opportunity to be fulfilled, productive adults. This article is an introduction to work education research and reforms. After reading it you should be able to understand and evaluate reforms that will be coming soon to a school near you. You are also invited to adopt and share an approach to work education that puts the long-term needs of students first. Two Theories of Work and Education Within the research literature about the relationship between school and work, there are basically two approaches. The more commonly applied approach draws on human capital theory, an economic theory which states that society gains economic benefit from investing in people -- for example, by providing public education to train people to be more productive workers. According to this theory, education should make people more valuable so that they can earn more money individually and contribute more to the country's total economic output. The second, less common approach is based on critical theory, a sociological approach that concentrates on the distribution of power in society and looks at whether social structures allow people the freedom to control their own lives. These scholars argue that society's structures can support either a balance of power among people or an oppressive situation, where some people have more opportunities to control their own lives than others. In a situation of oppression, some people have an unfair degree of control over the lives of others. According to this theory, education should empower people -- it should teach them to create situations of balanced power for themselves and others. Table 1 below summarizes how each theory is applied to work education. Table 1. Contrasting approaches to work education Human Capital Approach Critical Approach Work education is important Work education is important because of its role in national because productive activity is productivity growth, a source of both economic and efficiency, and economic personal fulfillment to adults. benefit, Students must fit into changing Employers are responsible for workplaces; employers' needs creating workplaces that allow must be met. students and adults to meet educational and other life goals in addition to producing economic output. Students need to find Students need work which entry-level jobs when they provides dignity, challenge, graduate, fair economic returns, personal fulfillment, and opportunities for self-determination, before and after they graduate. …" @default.
• W266891181 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W266891181 date "1998-12-01" @default.
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• W266891181 title "What's Behind Work Education Reform?" @default.
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